{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118976535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs001","title":"Inequality in household catastrophic health care expenditure in a low-income society of Iran","display_name":"Inequality in household catastrophic health care expenditure in a low-income society of Iran","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118976535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs001","mag":"2118976535","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22279081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/heapol/czs001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs001","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-pdf/27/7/613/1753784/czs001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155125020","display_name":"Health Policy and Planning","issn_l":"0268-1080","issn":["0268-1080","1460-2237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Policy and Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-pdf/27/7/613/1753784/czs001.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076447502","display_name":"Zahra Kavosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8662-7987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8662-7987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194604659","display_name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01n3s4692","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194604659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["CH","IR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Kavosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194604659","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087462039","display_name":"Arash Rashidian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4005-5183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4005-5183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194604659","display_name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01n3s4692","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194604659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3143470655","display_name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","ror":"https://ror.org/02684h094","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3143470655"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["CH","IR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Rashidian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194604659","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I3143470655","https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113834831","display_name":"A Pourreza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194604659","display_name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01n3s4692","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194604659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3143470655","display_name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","ror":"https://ror.org/02684h094","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3143470655"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["CH","IR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Pourreza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194604659","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I3143470655","https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019525533","display_name":"Reza Majdzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8429-5261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8429-5261","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3989-4470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194604659","display_name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01n3s4692","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194604659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3143470655","display_name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","ror":"https://ror.org/02684h094","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3143470655"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["CH","IR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Majdzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194604659","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I3143470655","https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045376487","display_name":"Farshad Pourmalek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-0771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-0771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194604659","display_name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01n3s4692","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194604659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3143470655","display_name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","ror":"https://ror.org/02684h094","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3143470655"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["CH","IR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Pourmalek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194604659","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I3143470655","https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A. R. Hosseinpour","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194604659","display_name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01n3s4692","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194604659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3143470655","display_name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","ror":"https://ror.org/02684h094","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3143470655"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["CH","IR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. R. Hosseinpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194604659","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I3143470655","https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107888573","display_name":"K Mohammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5240-2775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5240-2775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194604659","display_name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01n3s4692","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194604659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3143470655","display_name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","ror":"https://ror.org/02684h094","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3143470655"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["CH","IR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Mohammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194604659","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I3143470655","https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. Arab","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194604659","display_name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01n3s4692","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194604659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3143470655","display_name":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","ror":"https://ror.org/02684h094","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3143470655"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["CH","IR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Arab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, 3 Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 5 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, 6 Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194604659","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I3143470655","https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087462039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194604659","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I3143470655","https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I70640408"],"apc_list":{"value":2423,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.2301,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":206,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98907306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"7","first_page":"613","last_page":"623"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12708","display_name":"Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-inequality","display_name":"health care inequality","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-inequality","display_name":"socioeconomic disparities","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization","display_name":"health care utilization","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-coverage","display_name":"health insurance coverage","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-insurance","display_name":"social insurance","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copayments","display_name":"copayments","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concentration-index","display_name":"concentration index","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-populations","display_name":"low-income populations","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tehran","display_name":"Tehran","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7609784603118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.57088303565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5368137359619141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.49752166867256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778000068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5051575","display_name":"Catastrophic illness","level":2,"score":0.48226672410964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519300510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542","display_name":"Income distribution","level":3,"score":0.4566497206687927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.4391421973705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018804484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Low income","level":2,"score":0.4275040924549103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.37678390741348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.370392382144928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3387969136238098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2178468406200409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002388","descriptor_name":"Catastrophic Illness","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005102","descriptor_name":"Health Expenditures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005382","descriptor_name":"Financing, Personal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006296","descriptor_name":"Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007354","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Major Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007492","descriptor_name":"Iran","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019458","descriptor_name":"Insurance Coverage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/heapol/czs001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs001","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-pdf/27/7/613/1753784/czs001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155125020","display_name":"Health Policy and Planning","issn_l":"0268-1080","issn":["0268-1080","1460-2237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Policy and Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22279081","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22279081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health policy and planning","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doc.rero.ch:295286","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/295286/files/czs001.pdf","pdf_url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/295286/files/czs001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400148","display_name":"reroDoc Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/heapol/czs001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czs001","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article-pdf/27/7/613/1753784/czs001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155125020","display_name":"Health Policy and Planning","issn_l":"0268-1080","issn":["0268-1080","1460-2237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Policy and Planning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307855","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322670","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337393","display_name":"Division of Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/01ar8dr59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2118976535.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2118976535.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541807959","https://openalex.org/W1549329380","https://openalex.org/W1841733224","https://openalex.org/W1871478163","https://openalex.org/W1923837606","https://openalex.org/W1931476478","https://openalex.org/W1980500538","https://openalex.org/W1993536348","https://openalex.org/W2005303690","https://openalex.org/W2020940699","https://openalex.org/W2051202685","https://openalex.org/W2067375381","https://openalex.org/W2076813074","https://openalex.org/W2077785252","https://openalex.org/W2082260411","https://openalex.org/W2102858050","https://openalex.org/W2103638685","https://openalex.org/W2109725907","https://openalex.org/W2120143562","https://openalex.org/W2120809556","https://openalex.org/W2124308866","https://openalex.org/W2125849337","https://openalex.org/W2126583499","https://openalex.org/W2128213869","https://openalex.org/W2128990265","https://openalex.org/W2129490367","https://openalex.org/W2131854704","https://openalex.org/W2136893785","https://openalex.org/W2137321576","https://openalex.org/W2141151109","https://openalex.org/W2142495043","https://openalex.org/W2143635718","https://openalex.org/W2151145048","https://openalex.org/W2153603229","https://openalex.org/W2161860210","https://openalex.org/W2169695716","https://openalex.org/W2170534830","https://openalex.org/W2170964814","https://openalex.org/W2294311276","https://openalex.org/W2492421554","https://openalex.org/W2505184355","https://openalex.org/W3121251166","https://openalex.org/W3124320152","https://openalex.org/W4244345616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2974384912","https://openalex.org/W1668955000","https://openalex.org/W3048709494","https://openalex.org/W2952076533","https://openalex.org/W2969186651","https://openalex.org/W2920277606","https://openalex.org/W2980643559","https://openalex.org/W3098561521","https://openalex.org/W4383710833","https://openalex.org/W2186782605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"We":[1,34,49,63,159],"assessed":[2],"change":[3,103,163],"in":[4,13,17,26,42,104,108,112,139,153,164],"household":[5,69,97],"catastrophic":[6],"health":[7,123,127],"care":[8,124,128],"expenditures":[9,16],"(CHE)":[10],"and":[11,45,74,83,126,146,209],"inequality":[12,82,138,152],"facing":[14,55,98],"such":[15,174],"south-west":[18],"Tehran.":[19],"METHODS:":[20],"A":[21],"cluster-sampled":[22],"survey":[23,37],"was":[24,133],"conducted":[25],"2003":[27,109],"using":[28,57,71],"the":[29,36,39,51,58,65,68,76,94,134,151,165,179,188,197,205],"World":[30],"Health":[31],"Survey":[32],"questionnaire.":[33],"repeated":[35],"on":[38],"same":[40],"sample":[41],"2008":[43],"(635":[44],"603":[46],"households,":[47],"respectively).":[48],"estimated":[50],"proportion":[52,95,167],"of":[53,67,96,117,144,181,190,199],"households":[54],"CHE":[56,70,99,118,154,166,182],"'household's":[59],"capacity":[60],"to":[61,79,137,178,195],"pay'.":[62],"identified":[64],"determinants":[66,88,116,189],"regression":[72],"analysis":[73],"used":[75],"concentration":[77],"index":[78],"measure":[80],"socio-economic":[81,156],"decompose":[84],"it":[85],"into":[86],"its":[87],"factors.":[89],"RESULTS:":[90],"Findings":[91],"showed":[92],"that":[93],"had":[100,149],"no":[101,161],"significant":[102,162],"this":[105],"period":[106],"(12.6%":[107],"vs":[110],"11.8%":[111],"2008).":[113],"The":[114],"key":[115],"for":[119],"both":[120],"years":[121],"were":[122],"utilization":[125,143],"insurance":[129,201],"status.":[130],"Socio-economic":[131],"status":[132],"main":[135],"contributor":[136],"CHE,":[140],"while":[141],"unequal":[142],"dentistry":[145],"outpatient":[147],"services":[148],"reduced":[150],"between":[155],"groups.":[157],"CONCLUSIONS:":[158],"observed":[160],"despite":[168],"policy":[169],"interventions":[170,185],"aimed":[171,186],"at":[172,187],"reducing":[173,210],"expenditures.":[175],"Any":[176],"solution":[177],"problem":[180],"should":[183],"include":[184],"CHE.":[191],"It":[192],"is":[193],"essential":[194],"increase":[196],"depth":[198],"social":[200],"coverage":[202],"by":[203],"expanding":[204],"basic":[206],"benefit":[207],"package":[208],"co-payments.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}