{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118975519","doi":null,"title":"Democracy in Africa: achievements and prospects","display_name":"Democracy in Africa: achievements and prospects","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118975519","mag":"2118975519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.31UKB_LEU:9940747007802711","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/9062","pdf_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/download/1887/9062/1?col=81522199230002711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Action in Africa: the experience of people involved in government, business and aid, p. 133-143","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248"},"volume":null,"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/download/1887/9062/1?col=81522199230002711","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S.D. Ellis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.D. Ellis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113726994","display_name":"D. RIMMER","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. RIMMER","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.07020000368356705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-party-state","display_name":"one-party state","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-accountability","display_name":"political accountability","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-patronage","display_name":"political patronage","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clientelism","display_name":"clientelism","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-parties","display_name":"political parties","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance","display_name":"governance","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-bank","display_name":"World Bank","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aid-conditionality","display_name":"aid conditionality","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenyan-politics","display_name":"Kenyan politics","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liberian-politics","display_name":"Liberian politics","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somali-politics","display_name":"Somali politics","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zambia","display_name":"Zambia","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religion-and-politics","display_name":"religion and politics","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-recruitment","display_name":"political recruitment","score":0.6460000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.9198023676872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781035477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543464","display_name":"Clientelism","level":4,"score":0.8110869526863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7022084593772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.630685567855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6079966425895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5869959592819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5790968537330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.5396390557289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5162087082862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780526558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345314","display_name":"Good governance","level":3,"score":0.45295748114585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4047316908836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3458263874053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24401044845581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23647353053092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20745402574539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.31UKB_LEU:9940747007802711","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/9062","pdf_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/download/1887/9062/1?col=81522199230002711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Action in Africa: the experience of people involved in government, business and aid, p. 133-143","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.leidenuniv.nl:1887/9062","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/9062","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/9062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/9062","raw_type":"Part of book or chapter of book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2870207","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/9062","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/9062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Action in Africa: the experience of people involved in government, business and aid","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},{"id":"pmh:ul:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2870207","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/9062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Action in Africa: the experience of people involved in government, business and aid, 133 - 143. London [etc.]: James Currey [etc.]","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookpart"},{"id":"mag:2118975519","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A2870208/view","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.31UKB_LEU:9940747007802711","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/9062","pdf_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/download/1887/9062/1?col=81522199230002711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Action in Africa: the experience of people involved in government, business and aid, p. 133-143","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2118975519.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2118975519.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W61370692","https://openalex.org/W1511450425","https://openalex.org/W39847539","https://openalex.org/W2101176236","https://openalex.org/W2505709792","https://openalex.org/W1962911291","https://openalex.org/W2145548399","https://openalex.org/W35211292","https://openalex.org/W142555843","https://openalex.org/W2503382810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"External":[0],"factors":[1],"-":[2,51],"the":[3,6,10,13,19,23,27,38,41,47,57,60,66,70,77,82,105,120,204,226,235],"change":[4,108],"in":[5,16,36,56,63,76,128,135,177,187,218,234],"international":[7],"climate":[8],"following":[9],"fall":[11],"of":[12,26,49,59,69,73,79,90,96,107,124,142,163,189,203,207,231],"Berlin":[14],"Wall":[15],"late":[17],"1989,":[18],"publication":[20],"at":[21,150],"almost":[22],"same":[24],"time":[25,43],"World":[28],"Bank's":[29],"report":[30],"'From":[31],"crisis":[32],"to":[33,46,93,104,111,118,146,173,179,184,195,237],"sustainable":[34],"growth',":[35],"which":[37],"Bank":[39],"for":[40,86,113,228],"first":[42],"linked":[44],"aid":[45],"question":[48],"\"governance\"":[50],"undoubtedly":[52],"played":[53],"a":[54,87,129,133,138,201,219],"role":[55],"decline":[58],"one-party":[61],"State":[62,143],"Africa.":[64],"But":[65],"deeper":[67],"causes":[68],"current":[71],"wave":[72],"democratization":[74,164],"lie":[75],"buildup":[78],"pressure":[80],"over":[81],"past":[83],"few":[84,139],"decades":[85],"new":[88,220,229],"form":[89,225],"political":[91,216,232],"accountability,":[92],"replace":[94],"that":[95],"patronage":[97],"politics.":[98],"Most":[99],"African":[100],"governments":[101],"have":[102,144],"responded":[103],"forces":[106],"by":[109],"conceding":[110],"demands":[112],"multiparty":[114,130],"rule,":[115],"simultaneously":[116],"attempting":[117],"control":[119],"process.":[121],"President":[122],"Moi":[123],"Kenya,":[125],"re-elected":[126],"president":[127],"election,":[131],"is":[132,169,193],"case":[134],"point.":[136],"In":[137,157],"cases,":[140],"heads":[141],"refused":[145],"make":[147],"any":[148,175],"compromises":[149],"all,":[151],"with":[152],"appalling":[153],"results":[154],"(Liberia,":[155],"Somalia).":[156],"those":[158],"countries":[159],"where":[160],"some":[161],"degree":[162],"has":[165,213],"taken":[166],"place,":[167],"it":[168],"hard":[170],"as":[171,200],"yet":[172],"discern":[174],"improvement":[176],"regard":[178],"governance.":[180],"Political":[181],"parties":[182],"continue":[183],"be":[185],"formed":[186],"terms":[188],"clientelism":[190],"and":[191,209],"there":[192],"little":[194],"choose":[196],"between":[197],"rival":[198],"parties,":[199],"comparison":[202],"contrasting":[205],"cases":[206],"Kenya":[208],"Zambia":[210],"illustrates.":[211],"Democratization":[212],"not":[214],"recast":[215],"constituencies":[217],"mode":[221],"(though":[222],"religion":[223],"may":[224],"base":[227],"forms":[230],"recruitment":[233],"years":[236],"come).":[238],"Notes,":[239],"ref":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
