{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118955746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.680","title":"Precipitation measurements and trends in the twentieth century","display_name":"Precipitation measurements and trends in the twentieth century","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118955746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.680","mag":"2118955746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/joc.680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32061424","display_name":"International Journal of Climatology","issn_l":"0899-8418","issn":["0899-8418","1097-0088"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Climatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2118955746"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023953305","display_name":"Mark George New","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-8879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-8879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark New","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106486270","display_name":"Martin C. Todd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-5921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-5921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Todd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037529175","display_name":"Mike Hulme","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-7662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-7662"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143632","display_name":"Tyndall Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/040tfy969","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143632"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Hulme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541","https://openalex.org/I4210143632"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026935547","display_name":"Philip Douglas Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-5493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-5493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phil Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023953305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":3920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3920},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":626,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9792699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"15","first_page":"1889","last_page":"1889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.5644999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.5644999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.42820000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-variability","display_name":"rainfall variability","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/el-nino-southern-oscillation","display_name":"ENSO","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-oscillation","display_name":"Arctic Oscillation","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-annular-mode","display_name":"Southern Annular Mode","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-atlantic-oscillation","display_name":"North Atlantic Oscillation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interannual-climate-variability","display_name":"interannual climate variability","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decadal-variability","display_name":"decadal variability","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-precipitation","display_name":"land precipitation","score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-precipitation","display_name":"ocean precipitation","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twentieth-century-climate-change","display_name":"twentieth-century climate change","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amazon-basin","display_name":"Amazon basin","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-south-america","display_name":"western South America","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-africa","display_name":"Southern Africa","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-latitudes","display_name":"mid-latitudes","score":0.492000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.8111982345581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.7591544389724731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6047255992889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5889872312545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.4268476366996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.25236713886260986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.24209940433502197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2046605944633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/joc.680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32061424","display_name":"International Journal of Climatology","issn_l":"0899-8418","issn":["0899-8418","1097-0088"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Climatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1002/joc.680.abs","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.680.abs","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.680.abs","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32061424","display_name":"International Journal of Climatology","issn_l":"0899-8418","issn":["0899-8418","1097-0088"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Climatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:27082","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/27082/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Climatology , 21 pp. 1889-1922. (2001)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:26108","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/26108/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.561.6701","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.561.6701","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mikehulme.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/2001-new_etal_ijc.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.953.4712","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.953.4712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mike_Hulme/publication/234081403_Precipitation_measurements_and_trends_in_the_twentieth_century/links/02e7e52b1458303614000000.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.957.3756","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.957.3756","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csrc.sr.unh.edu/%7Elammers/MacroscaleHydrology/Papers/NewEtAl2001-PrecipitationMeasurementsAndTrendsInTheTwentiethCentury-IntlJourClimatology.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34967320","https://openalex.org/W1486947820","https://openalex.org/W1489982077","https://openalex.org/W1509459347","https://openalex.org/W1511705916","https://openalex.org/W1527803616","https://openalex.org/W1557653564","https://openalex.org/W1563630392","https://openalex.org/W1587057093","https://openalex.org/W1600917725","https://openalex.org/W1602549407","https://openalex.org/W1650123422","https://openalex.org/W1667070337","https://openalex.org/W1759145845","https://openalex.org/W1967578396","https://openalex.org/W1968785178","https://openalex.org/W1971267575","https://openalex.org/W1971702394","https://openalex.org/W1973406975","https://openalex.org/W1974080586","https://openalex.org/W1978173563","https://openalex.org/W1983137163","https://openalex.org/W1984823613","https://openalex.org/W1989757627","https://openalex.org/W1991293931","https://openalex.org/W1993378799","https://openalex.org/W1995718648","https://openalex.org/W1997063800","https://openalex.org/W1997179313","https://openalex.org/W2000627946","https://openalex.org/W2002794019","https://openalex.org/W2003320144","https://openalex.org/W2007492295","https://openalex.org/W2008498590","https://openalex.org/W2011601793","https://openalex.org/W2013537840","https://openalex.org/W2016332279","https://openalex.org/W2019450357","https://openalex.org/W2019819708","https://openalex.org/W2019990247","https://openalex.org/W2029762335","https://openalex.org/W2036829859","https://openalex.org/W2037443775","https://openalex.org/W2038917393","https://openalex.org/W2041863660","https://openalex.org/W2046006989","https://openalex.org/W2046360643","https://openalex.org/W2047015815","https://openalex.org/W2047813989","https://openalex.org/W2048344816","https://openalex.org/W2052890963","https://openalex.org/W2065832530","https://openalex.org/W2069688418","https://openalex.org/W2075066875","https://openalex.org/W2075142659","https://openalex.org/W2077229853","https://openalex.org/W2077421215","https://openalex.org/W2078580016","https://openalex.org/W2081734753","https://openalex.org/W2088923541","https://openalex.org/W2093817388","https://openalex.org/W2096046898","https://openalex.org/W2096210555","https://openalex.org/W2096533595","https://openalex.org/W2096809505","https://openalex.org/W2103095238","https://openalex.org/W2108461854","https://openalex.org/W2110675926","https://openalex.org/W2111594235","https://openalex.org/W2115652981","https://openalex.org/W2116299127","https://openalex.org/W2120115499","https://openalex.org/W2124805162","https://openalex.org/W2131477567","https://openalex.org/W2133488074","https://openalex.org/W2134514789","https://openalex.org/W2135683381","https://openalex.org/W2139347645","https://openalex.org/W2146211077","https://openalex.org/W2147169375","https://openalex.org/W2154306139","https://openalex.org/W2156205656","https://openalex.org/W2167925251","https://openalex.org/W2170640507","https://openalex.org/W2172625892","https://openalex.org/W2172877736","https://openalex.org/W2173896509","https://openalex.org/W2174692639","https://openalex.org/W2175056019","https://openalex.org/W2176492498","https://openalex.org/W2176556731","https://openalex.org/W2177542211","https://openalex.org/W2177813429","https://openalex.org/W2179545855","https://openalex.org/W2179626637","https://openalex.org/W2280222065","https://openalex.org/W2325044926","https://openalex.org/W2936015262","https://openalex.org/W4230187027","https://openalex.org/W4234344205","https://openalex.org/W4239469573","https://openalex.org/W4249374054","https://openalex.org/W4250872283","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2624385262","https://openalex.org/W2134514789","https://openalex.org/W2073214843","https://openalex.org/W148697024","https://openalex.org/W1986844327","https://openalex.org/W1499997781","https://openalex.org/W1594301757","https://openalex.org/W202045445","https://openalex.org/W2043992940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Concern":[1],"about":[2,13,49,78,154,200,250,262],"anthropogenic":[3],"climate":[4,291],"change":[5],"has":[6,151,205,376,453],"heightened":[7],"the":[8,21,57,64,81,112,138,158,196,212,243,253,265,272,277,286,307,388,398,402,408,445,459],"need":[9],"for":[10],"accurate":[11],"information":[12,48,73],"spatial":[14],"and":[15,51,173,218,224,236,261,274,279,283,297,311,348,410,436],"temporal":[16],"variations":[17],"in":[18,234,256,306,334,337,363,380,393,401,458],"precipitation":[19,25,55,148,181,204,239,260,302,345,364,442],"at":[20,94],"Earth's":[22,82],"surface.":[23,83],"Large\u2010scale":[24],"estimates":[26],"can":[27],"be":[28],"derived":[29],"from":[30,68,195,415],"either":[31],"surface":[32],"gauge":[33,142],"measurements":[34,46,89],"or":[35],"by":[36,153],"satellite":[37,86],"remote":[38],"sensing,":[39],"both":[40],"of":[41,53,63,66,76,80,117,163,190,199,214,220,231,252,264,268,289,299,323,331,344,418,422,425,433,440,461],"which":[42,166,248],"have":[43],"shortcomings.":[44],"Gauge":[45],"provide":[47,90,420],"trends":[50,362],"variability":[52,184,233,267,303,336],"monthly":[54,95],"throughout":[56],"entire":[58],"twentieth":[59,159],"century,":[60],"but":[61,99,326,369,405],"because":[62],"lack":[65],"data":[67,143],"most":[69,208,449],"ocean":[70,349],"regions,":[71],"this":[72,177,366],"is":[74,167,240,318,371],"representative":[75],"only":[77,125,356],"25\u201330%":[79],"In":[84,271],"contrast,":[85],"(especially":[87],"multi\u2010platform)":[88],"spatially":[91,338],"complete":[92],"coverage":[93],"to":[96,128,192,242],"subdaily":[97],"resolution,":[98],"do":[100],"not":[101,319],"extend":[102,126],"back":[103,127],"beyond":[104],"1974.":[105],"Merged":[106],"gauge\u2013satellite":[107],"datasets":[108],"maximize":[109],"(and":[110,115],"minimize)":[111],"relative":[113],"benefits":[114],"shortcomings)":[116],"each":[118],"source":[119],"type.":[120],"While":[121],"these":[122],"merged":[123],"products":[124],"1979,":[129],"their":[130],"importance":[131],"will":[132],"grow":[133],"as":[134],"we":[135],"move":[136],"into":[137,397],"new":[139],"century.":[140],"Precipitation":[141],"indicate":[144,354],"that":[145,355,374],"global":[146,180,235,269,324],"land":[147,209,238,259,305,347,450],"(excluding":[149],"Antarctica)":[150],"increased":[152,206,423,431,438],"9":[155],"mm":[156,194],"over":[157,207,304,346,365,407],"century":[160,197],"(a":[161],"trend":[162],"0.89":[164],"mm/decade),":[165],"relatively":[168],"small":[169],"compared":[170],"with":[171,188,211],"interannual":[172,232,254,290],"multi\u2010decadal":[174],"variability.":[175,292],"Within":[176],"century\u2010long":[178],"trend,":[179],"exhibits":[182],"considerable":[183],"on":[185],"decadal":[186],"time\u2010scales,":[187],"departures":[189],"up":[191],"\u00b140":[193],"mean":[198],"950":[201],"mm.":[202],"Regionally,":[203],"areas,":[210],"exception":[213],"tropical":[215,389],"North":[216,315],"Africa,":[217,222],"parts":[219],"southern":[221],"Amazonia":[223],"western":[225],"South":[226],"America.":[227],"The":[228,293,314],"dominant":[229,287],"mode":[230],"hemispheric":[237],"related":[241],"El":[244],"Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern":[245],"Oscillation":[246,317],"(ENSO),":[247],"explains":[249,295],"38%":[251],"variance":[255],"globally":[257],"averaged":[258,339],"8%":[263,330],"space\u2013time":[266],"precipitation.":[270,342,382],"mid\u2010":[273],"high":[275],"latitudes,":[276],"Arctic":[278],"Antarctic":[280],"oscillation":[281],"(AO":[282],"AAO)":[284],"are":[285,384],"modes":[288],"AO":[294],"48":[296],"35%":[298],"area\u2010averaged":[300],"winter":[301],"latitude":[308],"bands":[309],"60\u201380\u00b0N":[310],"40\u201360\u00b0N,":[312],"respectively.":[313],"Atlantic":[316],"an":[320,437,456],"important":[321],"modulator":[322],"precipitation,":[325,427],"it":[327],"does":[328],"explain":[329],"annual":[332],"(more":[333],"winter)":[335],"northern":[340],"mid\u2010latitude":[341],"Analyses":[343],"(spatially":[350],"complete)":[351],"since":[352],"1980":[353],"a":[357,372,378,394,416],"few":[358],"regions":[359,386],"show":[360],"marked":[361],"short":[367],"period,":[368],"there":[370,375,452],"suggestion":[373],"been":[377,455],"shift":[379],"zonal":[381],"There":[383],"coherent":[385],"where":[387],"ENSO":[390],"signal":[391],"extends":[392],"northeast/southeast":[395],"direction":[396],"subtropics,":[399],"especially":[400],"Pacific\u2010Indonesian":[403],"region,":[404],"also":[406,454],"Atlantic\u2010African":[409],"Indian":[411],"Ocean":[412],"domains.":[413],"Data":[414],"number":[417],"countries":[419],"evidence":[421],"intensity":[424],"daily":[426],"generally":[428],"manifested":[429],"through":[430],"frequency":[432],"wet":[434,462],"days":[435],"proportion":[439],"total":[441],"occurring":[443],"during":[444],"heaviest":[446],"events.":[447],"Over":[448],"areas":[451],"increase":[457],"persistence":[460],"spells.":[463],"Copyright":[464],"\u00a9":[465],"2001":[466],"Royal":[467],"Meteorological":[468],"Society":[469]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-11-15T12:55:33.944570","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}