{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118952425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1999.759761","title":"Dynamic classifier combination in hybrid speech recognition systems using utterance-level confidence values","display_name":"Dynamic classifier combination in hybrid speech recognition systems using utterance-level confidence values","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118952425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1999.759761","mag":"2118952425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1999.759761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1999.759761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1999.759761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":"1520-6149","issn":["1520-6149","2379-190X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. ICASSP99 (Cat. No.99CH36258)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050325468","display_name":"Katrin Kirchhoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-6030","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-6030"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Kirchhoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["AG Angewandte Informatik, Technische Fakult\u00e4t, Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany","AG Angewandte Inf., Bielefeld Univ., Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AG Angewandte Informatik, Technische Fakult\u00e4t, Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AG Angewandte Inf., Bielefeld Univ., Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091674429","display_name":"Jeffrey A. Bilmes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-8778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-8778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.A. Bilmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, USA","International Computer Science Institute Berkeley, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute Berkeley, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91171429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"693","last_page":"696 vol.2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier-combination","display_name":"classifier combination","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-speech-recognition","display_name":"hybrid speech recognition","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-weighting","display_name":"dynamic weighting","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-scores","display_name":"confidence scores","score":0.49900001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7421079277992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.719228982925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.6959375143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6871154308319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.52314293384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5189809203147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4938390851020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4400624632835388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.1999.759761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1999.759761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1999.759761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":"1520-6149","issn":["1520-6149","2379-190X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. ICASSP99 (Cat. No.99CH36258)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.21.684","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.21.684","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/ags/ai/publications/./papers/Kirchhoff1999-DCC.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.35.9777","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.35.9777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.icsi.berkeley.edu/pub/speech/papers/icassp99-combo.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.50.1727","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.50.1727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/techfak/ags/ai/publications/memberpub/../papers/Kirchhoff1999-DCC.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.79.8237","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.79.8237","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ssli.ee.washington.edu/people/bilmes/mypapers/icassp99b.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.librecat.org:2618949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2618949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kirchhoff K, Bilmes J. Dynamic classifier combination using utterance-level confidence values. In: &lt;em&gt;International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing&lt;/em&gt;. Phoenix, Arizona, USA; 1999.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2618949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2618949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401624","display_name":"Publikationen an der Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld (Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kirchhoff K, Bilmes J. Dynamic classifier combination using utterance-level confidence values. In: &lt;em&gt;International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing&lt;/em&gt;. Phoenix, Arizona, USA; 1999.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"mag:2203478329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/publication/2618949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":"1520-6149","issn":["1520-6149","2379-190X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-2","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151797875","https://openalex.org/W204308143","https://openalex.org/W811578723","https://openalex.org/W1559678887","https://openalex.org/W1604474292","https://openalex.org/W2097491464","https://openalex.org/W2128135494","https://openalex.org/W2129901640","https://openalex.org/W2144920829","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2158286329","https://openalex.org/W2377164795","https://openalex.org/W2403023380","https://openalex.org/W6683703931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2203478329","https://openalex.org/W2944624105","https://openalex.org/W1604474292","https://openalex.org/W1802155944","https://openalex.org/W2940347029","https://openalex.org/W2020404863","https://openalex.org/W2059560341","https://openalex.org/W2103621378","https://openalex.org/W3206016953","https://openalex.org/W1530409173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"recent":[1],"development":[2],"in":[3],"the":[4,11,24,28,35,69,82],"hybrid":[5],"HMM/ANN":[6],"speech":[7,25],"recognition":[8],"paradigm":[9],"is":[10],"use":[12],"of":[13,18],"several":[14],"subword":[15,48],"classifiers,":[16],"each":[17],"which":[19],"provides":[20],"different":[21],"information":[22],"about":[23],"signal.":[26],"Although":[27],"combining":[29],"methods":[30],"have":[31,40],"obtained":[32],"promising":[33],"results,":[34],"strategies":[36],"so":[37],"far":[38],"proposed":[39],"been":[41],"relatively":[42],"simple.":[43],"In":[44,60],"most":[45],"cases":[46],"frame-level":[47],"unit":[49],"probabilities":[50],"are":[51,84],"combined":[52],"using":[53],"an":[54],"unweighted":[55],"product":[56],"or":[57],"sum":[58],"rule.":[59],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63],"argue":[64],"and":[65],"empirically":[66],"demonstrate":[67],"that":[68],"classifier":[70],"combination":[71,79],"approach":[72],"can":[73],"benefit":[74],"from":[75,86],"a":[76],"dynamically":[77],"weighted":[78],"rule,":[80],"where":[81],"weights":[83],"derived":[85],"higher-than-frame-level":[87],"confidence":[88],"values.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
