{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118938353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2008.06.003","title":"Predictability effects on durations of content and function words in conversational English","display_name":"Predictability effects on durations of content and function words in conversational English","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118938353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2008.06.003","mag":"2118938353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jml.2008.06.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2008.06.003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2008.06.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53787413","display_name":"Journal of Memory and Language","issn_l":"0749-596X","issn":["0749-596X","1096-0821"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Memory and Language","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109398508","display_name":"Alan Bell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802236040","display_name":"University of Colorado System","ror":"https://ror.org/00jc20583","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics, University of Colorado, Box 295, 290 Hellems, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics, University of Colorado, Box 295, 290 Hellems, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018203148","display_name":"Jason Brenier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason M. Brenier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cataphora, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cataphora, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063799775","display_name":"Michelle Gregory","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-3315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-3315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Gregory","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050322485","display_name":"Cynthia Girand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802684491","display_name":"Westminster City Council","ror":"https://ror.org/01a35x275","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802684491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3210091819","display_name":"City of Westminster College","ror":"https://ror.org/02mht3s70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3210091819"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia Girand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silver Creek Systems, Westminster, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silver Creek Systems, Westminster, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802684491","https://openalex.org/I3210091819"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087088138","display_name":"Dan Jurafsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-7745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-7745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Jurafsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics, Stanford University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics, Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109398508"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802236040"],"apc_list":{"value":4670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4670},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.084,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":689,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99745272,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"1","first_page":"92","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.018400000408291817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-duration","display_name":"word duration","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-predictability","display_name":"contextual predictability","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-frequency","display_name":"word frequency","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-repetition","display_name":"word repetition","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-words","display_name":"content words","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function-words","display_name":"function words","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversational-speech","display_name":"conversational speech","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-access","display_name":"lexical access","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-production","display_name":"speech production","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articulatory-planning","display_name":"articulatory planning","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosody","display_name":"prosody","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.9452515840530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776141515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274479","display_name":"Repetition (rhetorical device)","level":2,"score":0.6084232330322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5937049388885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5902562141418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175293574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697133","display_name":"Word lists by frequency","level":3,"score":0.5421141386032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5301367044448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.49674707651138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.4712146818637848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.37753844261169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3752741813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.367656409740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3299257755279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.32874470949172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2560567855834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2511535882949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12140440940856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.09701821208000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jml.2008.06.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2008.06.003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2008.06.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53787413","display_name":"Journal of Memory and Language","issn_l":"0749-596X","issn":["0749-596X","1096-0821"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Memory and Language","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.142.6418","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.142.6418","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/jml08.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47994732","https://openalex.org/W60516336","https://openalex.org/W70148800","https://openalex.org/W71063424","https://openalex.org/W126217328","https://openalex.org/W165229451","https://openalex.org/W196692374","https://openalex.org/W416561711","https://openalex.org/W604598878","https://openalex.org/W651449142","https://openalex.org/W973494772","https://openalex.org/W1486114846","https://openalex.org/W1492546375","https://openalex.org/W1521047350","https://openalex.org/W1521255875","https://openalex.org/W1564110847","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1621077771","https://openalex.org/W1801810991","https://openalex.org/W1947950328","https://openalex.org/W1968558813","https://openalex.org/W1977418815","https://openalex.org/W1983668253","https://openalex.org/W1986424291","https://openalex.org/W1986801134","https://openalex.org/W1992883985","https://openalex.org/W1996822211","https://openalex.org/W1997485640","https://openalex.org/W2001088318","https://openalex.org/W2001922445","https://openalex.org/W2006660745","https://openalex.org/W2007054563","https://openalex.org/W2017295033","https://openalex.org/W2020382514","https://openalex.org/W2022533654","https://openalex.org/W2025911687","https://openalex.org/W2037101743","https://openalex.org/W2040187703","https://openalex.org/W2050189294","https://openalex.org/W2061656302","https://openalex.org/W2063416916","https://openalex.org/W2064474198","https://openalex.org/W2079833689","https://openalex.org/W2080851888","https://openalex.org/W2084627311","https://openalex.org/W2087348252","https://openalex.org/W2093414802","https://openalex.org/W2102019098","https://openalex.org/W2107670100","https://openalex.org/W2107958481","https://openalex.org/W2109283233","https://openalex.org/W2112377631","https://openalex.org/W2113201368","https://openalex.org/W2114836066","https://openalex.org/W2115404241","https://openalex.org/W2117400858","https://openalex.org/W2126354932","https://openalex.org/W2130494518","https://openalex.org/W2134752493","https://openalex.org/W2135313289","https://openalex.org/W2140188190","https://openalex.org/W2144800021","https://openalex.org/W2146379212","https://openalex.org/W2147571305","https://openalex.org/W2150357445","https://openalex.org/W2154259673","https://openalex.org/W2157365695","https://openalex.org/W2157467951","https://openalex.org/W2166637769","https://openalex.org/W2232925767","https://openalex.org/W2488781174","https://openalex.org/W2491143741","https://openalex.org/W2492428822","https://openalex.org/W2506291879","https://openalex.org/W2586145851","https://openalex.org/W2599978540","https://openalex.org/W2624758868","https://openalex.org/W2644850317","https://openalex.org/W2671962773","https://openalex.org/W2797082039","https://openalex.org/W2974832207","https://openalex.org/W2988288086","https://openalex.org/W2990032170","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W4246744870","https://openalex.org/W4252694086","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601978215","https://openalex.org/W6602453322","https://openalex.org/W6602860823","https://openalex.org/W6602954005","https://openalex.org/W6614280753","https://openalex.org/W6629309560","https://openalex.org/W6636621046","https://openalex.org/W6677437730","https://openalex.org/W6679680810","https://openalex.org/W6680223909","https://openalex.org/W6682988551","https://openalex.org/W6683001097","https://openalex.org/W6722797378","https://openalex.org/W6723064875","https://openalex.org/W6770471921","https://openalex.org/W6845144919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2726467123","https://openalex.org/W2064726690","https://openalex.org/W4252678288","https://openalex.org/W4254065731","https://openalex.org/W1607297154","https://openalex.org/W4210820789","https://openalex.org/W2913177154","https://openalex.org/W4237782192","https://openalex.org/W4235131201","https://openalex.org/W4232793539"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":32}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
