{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118936804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390605900206","title":"Gender Differences in Promotion on a Job Ladder: Evidence from Finnish Metalworkers","display_name":"Gender Differences in Promotion on a Job Ladder: Evidence from Finnish Metalworkers","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118936804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390605900206","mag":"2118936804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/001979390605900206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390605900206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390605900206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192274990","display_name":"Industrial and Labor Relations Review","issn_l":"0019-7939","issn":["0019-7939","2162-271X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ILR Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038956207","display_name":"Tuomas Pekkarinen Y","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-2602","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-2602"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280179531","display_name":"National Institute of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/033pj6j32","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280179531"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuomas Pekkarinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Nuffield College, Oxford. Juhana Vartiainen is Head of the Research Division at the National Institute of Economic Research, Stockholm","Not published at Aalto University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Nuffield College, Oxford. Juhana Vartiainen is Head of the Research Division at the National Institute of Economic Research, Stockholm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280179531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Not published at Aalto University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036313978","display_name":"Juhana Vartiainen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280179531","display_name":"National Institute of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/033pj6j32","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280179531"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juhana Vartiainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Economic Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Economic Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280179531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3139,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95757831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"2","first_page":"285","last_page":"301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.7548999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.7548999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.10970000177621841,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.06120000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion","display_name":"promotion","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-ladder","display_name":"job ladder","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-complexity","display_name":"job complexity","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-complexity","display_name":"task complexity","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-productivity","display_name":"labor productivity","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metalworkers","display_name":"metalworkers","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-workers","display_name":"female workers","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quitting","display_name":"quitting","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-development","display_name":"career development","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.8217214345932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.806820273399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7298592925071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.536497175693512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.5250292420387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.509774386882782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37419670820236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.35062092542648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2655463218688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2318176031112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.11587166786193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.09995755553245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0956893265247345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08369272947311401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.05725559592247009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/001979390605900206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390605900206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390605900206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192274990","display_name":"Industrial and Labor Relations Review","issn_l":"0019-7939","issn":["0019-7939","2162-271X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ILR Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ilr:articl:v:59:y:2006:i:2:p:285-301","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/ilrreview/vol59/iss2/6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:ilrrev:v:59:y:2006:i:2:p:285-301","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001979390605900206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.9444000124931335,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566586761","https://openalex.org/W1533191369","https://openalex.org/W1567929074","https://openalex.org/W1975439926","https://openalex.org/W1981732550","https://openalex.org/W1992333423","https://openalex.org/W2005812251","https://openalex.org/W2025626688","https://openalex.org/W2029189742","https://openalex.org/W2067742968","https://openalex.org/W2070262304","https://openalex.org/W2073232297","https://openalex.org/W2085577258","https://openalex.org/W2092251347","https://openalex.org/W2107365429","https://openalex.org/W3121164099","https://openalex.org/W3121679446","https://openalex.org/W3122704454","https://openalex.org/W3124534153","https://openalex.org/W3125147283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098555093","https://openalex.org/W2151073847","https://openalex.org/W2129192652","https://openalex.org/W2070262304","https://openalex.org/W2020912975","https://openalex.org/W7096401125","https://openalex.org/W2053562461","https://openalex.org/W2735825630","https://openalex.org/W2005812251","https://openalex.org/W3121679446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper,":[1],"using":[2],"panel":[3],"data":[4,26],"on":[5,86],"Finnish":[6],"metalworkers":[7],"for":[8,29,37,134,142],"the":[9,16,30,33,38,76,79,94,111,131],"years":[10],"1990\u20132000,":[11],"explores":[12],"gender":[13],"differences":[14],"in":[15,61,93],"allocation":[17],"of":[18,22,32,41,78,97,101,108],"workers":[19,99,137],"across":[20],"jobs":[21],"different":[23],"complexity.":[24],"The":[25,44,104],"provide":[27],"measures":[28],"complexity":[31],"workers'":[34],"tasks":[35],"and":[36,100],"individual":[39],"productivity":[40,65,73],"each":[42],"worker.":[43],"results":[45],"indicate":[46],"that":[47,68,83,115,130,141],"women":[48,84,116],"were":[49],"less":[50],"likely":[51],"to":[52],"be":[53],"promoted":[54,98],"than":[55,90,122,140],"men":[56,91],"who":[57],"started":[58],"their":[59],"careers":[60],"similar":[62],"tasks.":[63],"A":[64],"comparison":[66],"shows":[67],"there":[69],"was":[70,138],"no":[71],"gender-related":[72],"differential":[74],"at":[75],"time":[77],"initial":[80],"assignment,":[81],"but":[82],"became,":[85],"average,":[87],"more":[88],"productive":[89],"afterward,":[92],"subsets":[95],"both":[96],"non-promoted":[102],"workers.":[103],"most":[105],"plausible":[106],"interpretation":[107],"these":[109],"results,":[110],"authors":[112],"argue,":[113],"is":[114],"faced":[117],"a":[118],"higher":[119,139],"promotion":[120],"threshold":[121],"men.":[123,144],"Consistent":[124],"with":[125],"this":[126],"interpretation,":[127],"they":[128],"find":[129],"quit":[132],"rate":[133],"young":[135,143],"female":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}