{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118934853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1997)123:7(749)","title":"Efficient Reliability Evaluation Using Spreadsheet","display_name":"Efficient Reliability Evaluation Using Spreadsheet","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118934853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1997)123:7(749)","mag":"2118934853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1997)123:7(749)","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1997)123:7(749)","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1997)123:7(749)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160934207","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Mechanics","issn_l":"0733-9399","issn":["0733-9399","1943-7889"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Mechanics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062151572","display_name":"Bak Kong Low","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0364-3066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0364-3066"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. K. Low","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sr. Lect., Civ. and Struct. Engrg., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sr. Lect., Civ. and Struct. Engrg., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110264126","display_name":"Wilson H. Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3771-3122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3771-3122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilson H. Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prof. and Head, Civ. and Struct. Engrg., Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. and Technol., Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prof. and Head, Civ. and Struct. Engrg., Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. and Technol., Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7397,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":274,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97560284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"123","issue":"7","first_page":"749","last_page":"752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hasofer-lind-reliability-index","display_name":"Hasofer-Lind reliability index","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlated-random-variables","display_name":"correlated random variables","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-surface","display_name":"failure surface","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-forms","display_name":"quadratic forms","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-search","display_name":"iterative search","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit-state-function","display_name":"limit state function","score":0.49300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6544371843338013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138187205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131251","display_name":"Tangent","level":2,"score":0.6365971565246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57489055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190046","display_name":"Ellipsoid","level":2,"score":0.5743693709373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5291346311569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4819040596485138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4790821671485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46766984462738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4589993953704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45617222785949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4434624910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4391574561595917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1313457489013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1997)123:7(749)","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1997)123:7(749)","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1997)123:7(749)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160934207","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Mechanics","issn_l":"0733-9399","issn":["0733-9399","1943-7889"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Mechanics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595144629","https://openalex.org/W630854438","https://openalex.org/W1495049647","https://openalex.org/W1524269812","https://openalex.org/W1572480955","https://openalex.org/W2001156452","https://openalex.org/W2016675987","https://openalex.org/W2144435953","https://openalex.org/W2738527054","https://openalex.org/W2802198863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986006778","https://openalex.org/W2390718407","https://openalex.org/W2005485125","https://openalex.org/W2085363807","https://openalex.org/W2034124193","https://openalex.org/W2379017606","https://openalex.org/W2314536238","https://openalex.org/W1801080000","https://openalex.org/W2385632889","https://openalex.org/W2119803320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"practical":[1],"method":[2,36,114,126],"using":[3,87],"spreadsheets":[4],"is":[5,37,46,71,100,115],"proposed":[6,35],"for":[7,73,132],"calculating":[8],"the":[9,40,49,53,57,77,81,112,123,125],"Hasofer-Lind":[10],"second":[11],"moment":[12],"reliability":[13],"index":[14],"\u03b2.":[15],"Two":[16],"example":[17],"problems":[18],"involving":[19],"correlated":[20,23],"normals":[21],"and":[22,28,93],"nonnormals,":[24],"respectively,":[25],"are":[26,67,84,119],"solved":[27],"compared":[29],"with":[30,86,134],"established":[31,88],"mathematical":[32],"approach.":[33],"The":[34],"based":[38],"on":[39],"perspective":[41],"of":[42,56,61,111,122],"an":[43],"ellipsoid":[44],"that":[45,116],"tangent":[47],"to":[48],"failure":[50],"surface":[51],"in":[52,80],"original":[54],"space":[55,63],"random":[58],"variables;":[59],"concepts":[60],"transformed":[62],"or":[64,136],"reduced":[65],"variates":[66],"not":[68,120],"required.":[69],"Correlation":[70],"accounted":[72],"by":[74,103],"setting":[75],"up":[76],"quadratic":[78],"form":[79],"spreadsheet.":[82],"Nonnormals":[83],"dealt":[85],"relationships":[89],"between":[90],"nonnormal":[91],"distribution":[92],"its":[94],"equivalent":[95],"normal":[96],"distribution.":[97],"Iterative":[98],"searching":[99],"performed":[101],"automatically":[102],"invoking":[104],"a":[105],"spreadsheet's":[106],"optimization":[107],"tool.":[108],"An":[109],"advantage":[110],"spreadsheet":[113],"partial":[117],"derivatives":[118],"part":[121],"input;":[124],"may":[127],"therefore":[128],"be":[129],"especially":[130],"attractive":[131],"cases":[133],"complicated":[135],"nonexplicit":[137],"performance":[138],"functions.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
