{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118628020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302908","title":"Public Health\u2019s Falling Share of US Health Spending","display_name":"Public Health\u2019s Falling Share of US Health Spending","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118628020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302908","mag":"2118628020","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26562115","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4695931"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168049282","display_name":"American Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0090-0036","issn":["0090-0036","0271-4353","1541-0048","2330-9687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320277","host_organization_name":"American Public Health Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Public Health Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4695931","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040205629","display_name":"David U. Himmelstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2394-4915","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2394-4915"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David U. Himmelstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["The authors are with the City University of New York School of Public Health at Hunter College, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are with the City University of New York School of Public Health at Hunter College, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090708778","display_name":"Steffie J. Woolhandler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8965-1058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8965-1058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffie Woolhandler","raw_affiliation_strings":["The authors are with the City University of New York School of Public Health at Hunter College, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are with the City University of New York School of Public Health at Hunter College, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9889745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"1","first_page":"56","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.864300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.864300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.1200999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-expenditure","display_name":"public health expenditure","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-spending-trends","display_name":"health care spending trends","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita-health-expenditure","display_name":"per capita health expenditure","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevention","display_name":"prevention","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-hazards","display_name":"health hazards","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.7856969833374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994140446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health spending","level":4,"score":0.76904296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333495","display_name":"Falling (accident)","level":2,"score":0.7317721843719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.7210111618041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5400387644767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109167261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421955","display_name":"Fell","level":2,"score":0.4830546975135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200941418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273508","display_name":"Inflation (cosmology)","level":2,"score":0.46703287959098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994282536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688","display_name":"Public spending","level":3,"score":0.4371238946914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.41945892572402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.34508976340293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33624422550201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2998034358024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20718368887901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.14119547605514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986740045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health services","level":3,"score":0.09665477275848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08870401978492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005102","descriptor_name":"Health Expenditures","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005380","descriptor_name":"Financing, Government","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168049282","display_name":"American Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0090-0036","issn":["0090-0036","0271-4353","1541-0048","2330-9687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320277","host_organization_name":"American Public Health Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Public Health Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4695931","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4695931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26562115","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26562115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2015.302908_6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4695931","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4695931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553124578","https://openalex.org/W2019571073","https://openalex.org/W2154935201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3109611645","https://openalex.org/W4312404697","https://openalex.org/W2019571073","https://openalex.org/W2419978574","https://openalex.org/W650941064","https://openalex.org/W3093338725","https://openalex.org/W2408100470","https://openalex.org/W3039194315","https://openalex.org/W2102419339","https://openalex.org/W2250551217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"examined":[1],"trends":[2],"in":[3,26,30,49,53,59,68],"US":[4],"public":[5,19],"health":[6,20,44,71,82,86],"expenditures":[7,45],"by":[8,35],"analyzing":[9],"historical":[10],"and":[11,32,78,84],"projected":[12,63],"National":[13],"Health":[14],"Expenditure":[15],"Accounts":[16],"data.":[17],"Per-capita":[18],"spending":[21,72],"(inflation-adjusted)":[22],"rose":[23,46],"from":[24,47],"$39":[25],"1960":[27,50],"to":[28,51,57,64,66,81],"$281":[29],"2008,":[31],"has":[33,73],"fallen":[34],"9.3%":[36],"since":[37],"then.":[38],"Public":[39,70],"health's":[40],"share":[41],"of":[42],"total":[43],"1.36%":[48],"3.18%":[52],"2002,":[54],"then":[55],"fell":[56],"2.65%":[58],"2014;":[60],"it":[61],"is":[62],"fall":[65],"2.40%":[67],"2023.":[69],"declined,":[74],"potentially":[75],"undermining":[76],"prevention":[77],"weakening":[79],"responses":[80],"inequalities":[83],"new":[85],"threats.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
