{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118405288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","title":"Hospitals Sponsored by the Roman Catholic Church: Separate, Equal, and Distinct?","display_name":"Hospitals Sponsored by the Roman Catholic Church: Separate, Equal, and Distinct?","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118405288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","mag":"2118405288","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10934993","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2751161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-0009.00169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1650206","display_name":"Milbank Quarterly","issn_l":"0887-378X","issn":["0887-378X","1468-0009"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Milbank Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114252622","display_name":"Kenneth R. White","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72019824","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/057xmsr27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth R. White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Administration, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0203, USA. krwhite@hsc.vcu.edu","Department of Health Administration, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0203, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Administration, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0203, USA. krwhite@hsc.vcu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I72019824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Administration, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0203, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I72019824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114252622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846","https://openalex.org/I72019824"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.4886,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99091848,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"2","first_page":"213","last_page":"239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12862","display_name":"Catholicism and Religious Studies","score":0.36550000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12862","display_name":"Catholicism and Religious Studies","score":0.36550000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13456","display_name":"Religion, Society, and Development","score":0.32589998841285706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.07980000227689743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catholic-hospitals","display_name":"Catholic hospitals","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catholic-health-care","display_name":"Catholic health care","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-hospitals","display_name":"religious hospitals","score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonprofit-hospitals","display_name":"nonprofit hospitals","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-ownership","display_name":"hospital ownership","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isomorphism","display_name":"isomorphism","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catholic-identity","display_name":"Catholic identity","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-delivery","display_name":"health care delivery","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.7332730293273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5275095105171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5068233609199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37927669286727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.37541282176971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3418393135070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2643958330154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1391262412071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002410","descriptor_name":"Catholicism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006777","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Proprietary","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006788","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Voluntary","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009937","descriptor_name":"Organizational Objectives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010067","descriptor_name":"Ownership","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016519","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Religious","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016519","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Religious","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016519","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Religious","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019464","descriptor_name":"Tax Exemption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-0009.00169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1650206","display_name":"Milbank Quarterly","issn_l":"0887-378X","issn":["0887-378X","1468-0009"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Milbank Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2489844","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2751161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2751161","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2751161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Milbank Q","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:10934993","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10934993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Milbank quarterly","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-0009.00169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-0009.00169","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1650206","display_name":"Milbank Quarterly","issn_l":"0887-378X","issn":["0887-378X","1468-0009"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-3","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Milbank Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311096","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2118405288.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2118405288.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W861118","https://openalex.org/W5334994","https://openalex.org/W38564267","https://openalex.org/W48725733","https://openalex.org/W121035807","https://openalex.org/W198523940","https://openalex.org/W204690758","https://openalex.org/W204871184","https://openalex.org/W604053696","https://openalex.org/W626116276","https://openalex.org/W1493784633","https://openalex.org/W1932443447","https://openalex.org/W1965278510","https://openalex.org/W1966747108","https://openalex.org/W1969249365","https://openalex.org/W1969950086","https://openalex.org/W1971112643","https://openalex.org/W1971910337","https://openalex.org/W1979761559","https://openalex.org/W1984809311","https://openalex.org/W1991240686","https://openalex.org/W1996313351","https://openalex.org/W1997343165","https://openalex.org/W2004894044","https://openalex.org/W2005385615","https://openalex.org/W2005903247","https://openalex.org/W2030192398","https://openalex.org/W2034322016","https://openalex.org/W2057904762","https://openalex.org/W2150580737","https://openalex.org/W2286792663","https://openalex.org/W2317844648","https://openalex.org/W2317855631","https://openalex.org/W2321906196","https://openalex.org/W2323355393","https://openalex.org/W2328011167","https://openalex.org/W2333651142","https://openalex.org/W2346397906","https://openalex.org/W2394722796","https://openalex.org/W2398421997","https://openalex.org/W2402064516","https://openalex.org/W2402068691","https://openalex.org/W2404837277","https://openalex.org/W2407236170","https://openalex.org/W2407705352","https://openalex.org/W2408090451","https://openalex.org/W2408980646","https://openalex.org/W2409103517","https://openalex.org/W2409644005","https://openalex.org/W2410211280","https://openalex.org/W2412614125","https://openalex.org/W2419341596","https://openalex.org/W2422155198","https://openalex.org/W2428152526","https://openalex.org/W2431154495","https://openalex.org/W2435142698","https://openalex.org/W2436797846","https://openalex.org/W2441766083","https://openalex.org/W2441996036","https://openalex.org/W2465903620","https://openalex.org/W2466466760","https://openalex.org/W2610495993","https://openalex.org/W2767288790","https://openalex.org/W2769442387","https://openalex.org/W3025118715","https://openalex.org/W3154982643","https://openalex.org/W4248749606","https://openalex.org/W4256310142","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298408289","https://openalex.org/W4300143046","https://openalex.org/W6604428356","https://openalex.org/W6987310696","https://openalex.org/W6996017093","https://openalex.org/W6997343635","https://openalex.org/W7027457419","https://openalex.org/W7047841351","https://openalex.org/W7074058232"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050435103","https://openalex.org/W204871184","https://openalex.org/W2036586356","https://openalex.org/W4210627386","https://openalex.org/W2404125200","https://openalex.org/W2405054650","https://openalex.org/W2137608794","https://openalex.org/W2334325715","https://openalex.org/W2000541601","https://openalex.org/W2921555354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"centuries,":[1],"the":[2,12,31,34,37,80,86,90],"Catholic":[3,40,46,92,117],"Church":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"a":[7,24,49,100],"major":[8],"social":[9,87,104],"actor":[10],"in":[11,21],"provision":[13],"of":[14,26,33,39,52,83,89,116],"health":[15,18,41],"services,":[16],"particularly":[17],"care":[19,42],"delivered":[20],"hospitals.":[22],"Through":[23],"confluence":[25],"powerful":[27],"environmental":[28,59],"forces":[29],"at":[30],"beginning":[32],"twenty-first":[35],"century,":[36],"future":[38],"is":[43],"threatened.":[44],"Although":[45],"hospitals":[47,93],"are":[48,74],"separate":[50],"case":[51],"private,":[53],"nonprofit":[54],"hospitals,":[55],"they":[56,73],"have":[57],"experienced":[58],"pressures":[60],"to":[61,95,111],"become":[62],"isomorphic":[63],"with":[64,79],"other":[65],"hospital":[66],"ownership":[67],"types":[68],"and,":[69],"on":[70],"some":[71],"dimensions,":[72],"equal.":[75],"To":[76,98],"keep":[77],"pace":[78],"changing":[81],"demands":[82],"religion":[84],"and":[85,102,113],"role":[88],"hospital,":[91],"continue":[94],"redefine":[96],"themselves.":[97],"justify":[99],"distinct":[101],"legitimate":[103],"role,":[105],"more":[106],"research":[107],"should":[108],"be":[109],"conducted":[110],"develop":[112],"measure":[114],"indicators":[115],"identity.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}