{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118207307","doi":null,"title":"Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the normal human spinal cord in vivo.","display_name":"Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the normal human spinal cord in vivo.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118207307","mag":"2118207307","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11110530","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7974290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11110530","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11110530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7974290/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109383207","display_name":"Chad A. Holder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C A Holder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081250834","display_name":"Raja Muthupillai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-2562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-2562"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Muthupillai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001968372","display_name":"Srinivasan Mukundan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Mukundan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086224282","display_name":"James D. Eastwood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J D Eastwood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058684720","display_name":"Patricia A. Hudgins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P A Hudgins","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94843774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"10","first_page":"1799","last_page":"806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11885","display_name":"MRI in cancer diagnosis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-weighted-imaging","display_name":"diffusion-weighted imaging","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord","display_name":"spinal cord","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apparent-diffusion-coefficient","display_name":"apparent diffusion coefficient","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord-white-matter","display_name":"spinal cord white matter","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray-matter","display_name":"gray matter","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo-planar-mri","display_name":"echo-planar MRI","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-value-dependence","display_name":"b-value dependence","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-matter-tracts","display_name":"white matter tracts","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781192897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q822050","display_name":"White matter","level":3,"score":0.906969428062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.82554030418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149550507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899360","display_name":"Diffusion MRI","level":3,"score":0.7075378894805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70816921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852","display_name":"Effective diffusion coefficient","level":3,"score":0.6496606469154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.56116783618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.5531557202339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89916169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014600","display_name":"Fractional anisotropy","level":4,"score":0.5110613107681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.422821581363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779632786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920297","display_name":"Cord","level":2,"score":0.41718384623527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.39106160402297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.38678404688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23287850618362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.15314623713493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.05909764766693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016880","descriptor_name":"Anisotropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017352","descriptor_name":"Echo-Planar Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11110530","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11110530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7974290","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7974290/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.561.443","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.561.443","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ajnr.org/content/21/10/1799.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2118207307","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ajnr.org/content/21/10/1799.full.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101278519","display_name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","issn_l":"0195-6108","issn":["0195-6108","1936-959X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316165","host_organization_name":"American Society of Neuroradiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Neuroradiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7974290","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7974290/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1793114167","https://openalex.org/W1932138146","https://openalex.org/W1965498242","https://openalex.org/W1978621158","https://openalex.org/W1990634803","https://openalex.org/W1991677258","https://openalex.org/W1995636981","https://openalex.org/W1996213453","https://openalex.org/W1999348312","https://openalex.org/W2001672324","https://openalex.org/W2009039636","https://openalex.org/W2014509822","https://openalex.org/W2018942604","https://openalex.org/W2021396393","https://openalex.org/W2027408428","https://openalex.org/W2027952838","https://openalex.org/W2053694647","https://openalex.org/W2063819516","https://openalex.org/W2068955579","https://openalex.org/W2083039604","https://openalex.org/W2088232185","https://openalex.org/W2093712031","https://openalex.org/W2096258201","https://openalex.org/W2116842997","https://openalex.org/W2123565802","https://openalex.org/W2129841144","https://openalex.org/W2140099191","https://openalex.org/W2153483625","https://openalex.org/W2155063473","https://openalex.org/W2158495596","https://openalex.org/W2168966309","https://openalex.org/W2187510501","https://openalex.org/W2346721790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100524189","https://openalex.org/W2347810856","https://openalex.org/W2117971895","https://openalex.org/W2346721790","https://openalex.org/W2018942604","https://openalex.org/W2123348584","https://openalex.org/W2122230145","https://openalex.org/W2315462414","https://openalex.org/W2083039604","https://openalex.org/W2017755331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1],"PURPOSE:":[2],"Diffusion-weighted":[3],"imaging":[4],"is":[5,264],"a":[6,12,70,212],"robust":[7],"technique":[8],"for":[9,103,189],"evaluation":[10],"of":[11,14,31,39,45,79,117,164,219,244],"variety":[13],"neurologic":[15],"diseases":[16],"affecting":[17],"the":[18,26,37,46,80,110,115,118,139,146,151,160,171,195,200,217,245],"brain,":[19],"and":[20,58,98,105,166,191],"might":[21],"also":[22,138],"have":[23],"applications":[24],"in":[25,41,234,252],"spinal":[27,48,82,122,176,235,247,260],"cord.":[28],"The":[29],"purpose":[30],"this":[32],"study":[33],"was":[34,126,137,211,232],"to":[35,50,59,114,128,150,175,184,199],"determine":[36],"feasibility":[38],"obtaining":[40],"vivo":[42,253],"diffusion-weighted":[43,242],"images":[44,78,243],"human":[47,246],"cord,":[49,177],"calculate":[51],"normal":[52],"apparent":[53],"diffusion":[54,87,111,147,172,196],"coefficient":[55],"(ADC)":[56],"values,":[57,159],"assess":[60],"cord":[61,83,123,236,248,261],"anisotropy.":[62],"METHODS:":[63],"Fifteen":[64],"healthy":[65],"volunteers":[66],"were":[67,84,101,207],"imaged":[68],"using":[69],"multi-shot,":[71],"navigator-corrected,":[72],"spin-echo,":[73],"echo-planar":[74],"pulse":[75],"sequence.":[76],"Axial":[77],"cervical":[81],"obtained":[85],"with":[86,145,224,254],"gradients":[88,112,148,173,197],"applied":[89],"along":[90],"three":[91,226],"orthogonal":[92],"axes":[93],"(6":[94],"b":[95,134,143,158],"values":[96,100,144,180,206],"each),":[97],"ADC":[99,179,205],"calculated":[102,204],"white":[104,119,124,152,167,190,201,220,237,262],"gray":[106,130,165,192,222],"matter.":[107,193,238],"RESULTS:":[108],"With":[109,170,194],"perpendicular":[113,174],"orientation":[116],"matter":[120,125,131,153,168,202,223,263],"tracts,":[121,203],"hyperintense":[127],"central":[129],"at":[132,141,156],"all":[133,225],"values.":[135],"This":[136],"case":[140],"low":[142],"parallel":[149,198],"tracts;":[154],"however,":[155],"higher":[157],"relative":[161],"signal":[162],"intensity":[163],"reversed.":[169],"mean":[178],"ranged":[181],"from":[182],"0.40":[183],"0.57":[185],"x":[186],"10(-3)":[187],"mm2/s":[188],"significantly":[208],"higher.":[209],"There":[210],"statistically":[213],"significant":[214],"difference":[215],"between":[216],"ADCs":[218],"versus":[221],"gradient":[227],"directions.":[228],"Strong":[229],"diffusional":[230],"anisotropy":[231],"observed":[233],"CONCLUSION:":[239],"Small":[240],"field-of-view":[241],"can":[249],"be":[250],"acquired":[251],"reasonable":[255],"scan":[256],"times.":[257],"Diffusion":[258],"within":[259],"highly":[265],"anisotropic.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}