{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118199536","doi":null,"title":"Gap regeneration in the Tsitsikamma forest (Easter Cape, South Africa) : the effect of gap size and origin","display_name":"Gap regeneration in the Tsitsikamma forest (Easter Cape, South Africa) : the effect of gap size and origin","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118199536","mag":"2118199536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/20916","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20916","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20916","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049842616","display_name":"Ghislain Wilfried Ebang Ella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4900-3865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4900-3865"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghislain Wilfried Ebang Ella","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4900-3865","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049842616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.8065999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.8065999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.12269999831914902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.02810000069439411,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gap-dynamics","display_name":"gap dynamics","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gap-size","display_name":"gap size","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-regeneration","display_name":"forest regeneration","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/podocarpus-falcatus","display_name":"Podocarpus falcatus","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-area-relationship","display_name":"species-area relationship","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-diversity","display_name":"plant diversity","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-ph","display_name":"soil pH","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-electrical-conductivity","display_name":"soil electrical conductivity","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-forest-management","display_name":"indigenous forest management","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-forest-management","display_name":"sustainable forest management","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tsitsikamma","display_name":"Tsitsikamma","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shade-tolerance","display_name":"shade tolerance","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbaceous-cover","display_name":"herbaceous cover","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777628658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034198","display_name":"Cape","level":2,"score":0.6985554099082947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6490700244903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6284548044204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994170080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815818","display_name":"Forest regeneration","level":2,"score":0.5279373526573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.3704798221588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.20168516039848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1442159116268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/20916","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20916","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2118199536","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/10019.1/20916/1/Ella_gap_2005.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/20916","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20916","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.9599999785423279}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2118199536.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2118199536.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12294379","https://openalex.org/W102498603","https://openalex.org/W152722951","https://openalex.org/W173128512","https://openalex.org/W232558666","https://openalex.org/W270457650","https://openalex.org/W323643127","https://openalex.org/W567620315","https://openalex.org/W625956871","https://openalex.org/W656136282","https://openalex.org/W815483169","https://openalex.org/W1495705736","https://openalex.org/W1506064382","https://openalex.org/W1507156144","https://openalex.org/W1509173698","https://openalex.org/W1526492424","https://openalex.org/W1546962148","https://openalex.org/W1582578193","https://openalex.org/W1593658962","https://openalex.org/W1601844560","https://openalex.org/W1658230854","https://openalex.org/W1760020891","https://openalex.org/W1965365245","https://openalex.org/W1971962821","https://openalex.org/W1976096034","https://openalex.org/W1979212510","https://openalex.org/W1980627780","https://openalex.org/W1981968821","https://openalex.org/W1985511149","https://openalex.org/W1986806574","https://openalex.org/W1986971127","https://openalex.org/W1988435122","https://openalex.org/W1995520927","https://openalex.org/W1996656563","https://openalex.org/W2000487801","https://openalex.org/W2001805005","https://openalex.org/W2002664886","https://openalex.org/W2003385125","https://openalex.org/W2003485756","https://openalex.org/W2008312527","https://openalex.org/W2009079264","https://openalex.org/W2009234024","https://openalex.org/W2009382393","https://openalex.org/W2016975277","https://openalex.org/W2018204894","https://openalex.org/W2019336569","https://openalex.org/W2020090677","https://openalex.org/W2021317560","https://openalex.org/W2024455533","https://openalex.org/W2024508613","https://openalex.org/W2027362421","https://openalex.org/W2029169097","https://openalex.org/W2030284287","https://openalex.org/W2039337213","https://openalex.org/W2040797005","https://openalex.org/W2040878692","https://openalex.org/W2045217908","https://openalex.org/W2046378796","https://openalex.org/W2046647383","https://openalex.org/W2049609768","https://openalex.org/W2049986615","https://openalex.org/W2052936198","https://openalex.org/W2053356920","https://openalex.org/W2055467762","https://openalex.org/W2060793884","https://openalex.org/W2065695731","https://openalex.org/W2065892499","https://openalex.org/W2066093662","https://openalex.org/W2067857638","https://openalex.org/W2076770477","https://openalex.org/W2081601365","https://openalex.org/W2082461750","https://openalex.org/W2083870985","https://openalex.org/W2091636554","https://openalex.org/W2091818139","https://openalex.org/W2092796288","https://openalex.org/W2093293976","https://openalex.org/W2095515405","https://openalex.org/W2096437295","https://openalex.org/W2099254338","https://openalex.org/W2104626092","https://openalex.org/W2107188298","https://openalex.org/W2110087213","https://openalex.org/W2112999446","https://openalex.org/W2114431575","https://openalex.org/W2132368812","https://openalex.org/W2134266851","https://openalex.org/W2135995160","https://openalex.org/W2146625298","https://openalex.org/W2147618390","https://openalex.org/W2151297804","https://openalex.org/W2157761118","https://openalex.org/W2158205733","https://openalex.org/W2161808535","https://openalex.org/W2166466093","https://openalex.org/W2166722801","https://openalex.org/W2176020666","https://openalex.org/W2246686611","https://openalex.org/W2312509037","https://openalex.org/W2314821608","https://openalex.org/W2321937847","https://openalex.org/W2324920305","https://openalex.org/W2326522762","https://openalex.org/W2336897912","https://openalex.org/W2492645076","https://openalex.org/W2619267795","https://openalex.org/W2626615165","https://openalex.org/W2798497020","https://openalex.org/W2800314053","https://openalex.org/W2914407421","https://openalex.org/W3021510377","https://openalex.org/W3131184334","https://openalex.org/W3135291502","https://openalex.org/W4251280805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3097035085","https://openalex.org/W2041828516","https://openalex.org/W2324816813","https://openalex.org/W4307700260","https://openalex.org/W7098618072","https://openalex.org/W2170729794","https://openalex.org/W3154837950","https://openalex.org/W7037754382","https://openalex.org/W1976096034","https://openalex.org/W4384163240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ENGLISH":[0],"ABSTRACT:":[1],"Recognizing":[2],"the":[3,8,26,95,141,149,157,160,183,195,198,200,221,237,262,268,298,317,331,334,363],"biological":[4],"significance":[5],"of":[6,12,29,37,70,151,197,224,229,351,362,366],"gaps,":[7],"South":[9,33,116],"African":[10,117],"Department":[11],"Water":[13],"Affairs":[14],"and":[15,67,89,101,182,208,232,248,254,271,276,287,292,308,314,341],"Forestry":[16],"(DWAF)":[17],"in":[18,25,48,65,79,115,156,171,220,261,267,283,297,333],"1989":[19],"initiated":[20],"a":[21,45,55,172,349],"Gap":[22],"Dynamics":[23],"Project":[24],"indigenous":[27,118,364],"forests":[28,119],"Tsitsikamma":[30],"(Eastern":[31],"Cape,":[32],"Africa).":[34],"This":[35],"consists":[36],"three":[38,81,85,90],"sub-projects:":[39],"Koomansbos":[40],"(9300":[41],"m2),":[42,52,84],"created":[43,74],"by":[44,54,75,129,177],"ground":[46],"fire":[47,270],"1989;":[49],"Plaatbos":[50],"(1600":[51],"made":[53,358],"Podocarpus":[56],"falcatus":[57],"(Thunb.)":[58],"R.":[59],"Br.":[60],"ex":[61],"Mirb.":[62],"(Podocarpaceae)":[63],"windfall":[64,264],"1994;":[66],"nine":[68],"gaps":[69,96,168,201,228,241,299,318,335],"different":[71,230],"sizes,":[72],"artificially":[73],"selective":[76],"tree":[77],"felling":[78],"1995:":[80],"small":[82,255],"(100-150":[83],"medium":[86,253],"(300-500":[87],"m2)":[88],"large":[91,240,263,269],"(800-1000":[92],"m2).":[93],"All":[94],"were":[97,104,204,259,279,300,311,325,336],"surveyed":[98],"after":[99],"creation":[100],"permanent":[102],"plots":[103],"established":[105],"for":[106,359],"subsequent":[107],"monitoring.":[108],"The":[109],"current":[110,352],"timber":[111],"harvesting":[112],"system":[113],"practiced":[114],"attempts":[120],"to":[121,139,164,321,338],"minimize":[122],"gap":[123,265,285,290,353],"size.":[124],"It":[125,210],"has":[126,345],"been":[127,346,357],"proposed":[128],"Euston-Brown":[130],"et":[131],"al.":[132],"(1996)":[133],"that":[134,174],"this":[135],"practice":[136],"is":[137,175],"likely":[138],"benefit":[140],"more":[142,281],"shade":[143,153],"tolerant":[144,154],"species,":[145],"but":[146],"may":[147,169],"inhibit":[148],"regeneration":[150,288],"less":[152],"plants":[155],"forest.":[158],"Therefore,":[159],"present":[161],"study":[162],"aimed":[163],"verify":[165],"two":[166],"hypotheses:":[167],"close":[170],"process":[173],"determined":[176],"their":[178,180],"size,":[179],"origin":[181],"plant":[184,225,246],"species":[185,226,244],"characteristics;":[186],"soil":[187,306],"quality":[188],"might":[189],"change":[190],"inside":[191,316],"those":[192],"gaps.":[193],"For":[194],"purpose":[196],"study,":[199],"cited":[202],"above":[203],"re-surveyed":[205],"between":[206,227],"2002":[207],"2003.":[209],"was":[211,216],"found":[212],"that:":[213],"1)":[214],"there":[215],"little":[217],"clear":[218],"difference":[219],"community":[222],"structure":[223,344],"sizes":[231,291],"origins;":[233,293],"as":[234,348],"expected":[235],"from":[236],"species-area":[238],"relationship,":[239],"had":[242],"higher":[243,260,301,315],"richness,":[245],"diversity":[247,257,286,295],"herbaceous":[249],"percentage":[250],"cover":[251],"than":[252,266,289,302,319],"gaps;":[256,273],"indices":[258,296],"artificial":[272],"generally,":[274],"context":[275],"stochastic":[277],"events":[278],"largely":[280],"important":[282],"determining":[284],"2)":[294],"recorded":[303],"previously;":[304],"3)":[305],"pH":[307],"Electrical":[309],"Conductivity":[310],"respectively":[312],"lower":[313],"adjacent":[320],"them;":[322],"these":[323],"variations":[324],"statistically":[326],"significant.":[327],"Present":[328],"data":[329],"on":[330],"vegetation":[332,343],"compared":[337],"past":[339],"measurements,":[340],"future":[342],"predicted,":[347],"function":[350],"vegetation.":[354],"Recommendations":[355],"have":[356],"sustainable":[360],"management":[361],"forest":[365],"Tsitsikamma.":[367]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
