{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118029488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0982","title":"Minireview: The AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade: The Key Sensor of Cellular Energy Status","display_name":"Minireview: The AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade: The Key Sensor of Cellular Energy Status","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118029488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0982","mag":"2118029488","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12960015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1210/en.2003-0982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157527038","display_name":"Endocrinology","issn_l":"0013-7227","issn":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrinology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046976143","display_name":"David Grahame Hardie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-7379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-7379"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177639307","display_name":"University of Dundee","ror":"https://ror.org/03h2bxq36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. Grahame Hardie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Molecular Physiology, University of Dundee, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Molecular Physiology, University of Dundee, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046976143"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9878,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1000,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96771523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"144","issue":"12","first_page":"5179","last_page":"5183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11339","display_name":"Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12827","display_name":"Biochemical and Molecular Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10952","display_name":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ampk","display_name":"AMPK","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-energy-status","display_name":"cellular energy status","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atp-adp-ratio","display_name":"ATP/ADP ratio","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adenylate-kinase","display_name":"adenylate kinase","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amp-atp-ratio","display_name":"AMP/ATP ratio","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxia","display_name":"hypoxia","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-deprivation","display_name":"glucose deprivation","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ischemia","display_name":"ischemia","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-contraction","display_name":"muscle contraction","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leptin","display_name":"leptin","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiponectin","display_name":"adiponectin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catabolic-pathways","display_name":"catabolic pathways","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780124434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12357464","display_name":"AMPK","level":4,"score":0.8699856996536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180526460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356240","display_name":"Adenylate kinase","level":3,"score":0.7962268590927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97029542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281417","display_name":"Protein kinase A","level":3,"score":0.7124166488647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295240","display_name":"AMP-activated protein kinase","level":5,"score":0.6494014263153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5174413323402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5025084018707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779564974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80863","display_name":"Adenosine triphosphate","level":2,"score":0.4950670301914215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.47223401069641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776991684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190012","display_name":"Adenosine","level":2,"score":0.43433523178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780613262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223739","display_name":"Leptin","level":3,"score":0.4329390525817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4179582893848419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4172007441520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421851","display_name":"Kinase","level":2,"score":0.41454073786735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.36997973918914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3148992657661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13901057839393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005057","descriptor_name":"Eukaryotic Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009097","descriptor_name":"Multienzyme Complexes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017346","descriptor_name":"Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055372","descriptor_name":"AMP-Activated Protein Kinases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1210/en.2003-0982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157527038","display_name":"Endocrinology","issn_l":"0013-7227","issn":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrinology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12960015","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12960015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Endocrinology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.318.2078","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.318.2078","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://endo.endojournals.org/content/144/12/5179.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8840084863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QLG1-CT-2001-01488","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310838","display_name":"University of Dundee","ror":"https://ror.org/03h2bxq36"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320065","display_name":"Diabetes UK","ror":"https://ror.org/050rgn017"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158023292","https://openalex.org/W1662530116","https://openalex.org/W1702423934","https://openalex.org/W1876043561","https://openalex.org/W1896307687","https://openalex.org/W1913661755","https://openalex.org/W1964606633","https://openalex.org/W1966339676","https://openalex.org/W1967893549","https://openalex.org/W1972762474","https://openalex.org/W1974669825","https://openalex.org/W1975883334","https://openalex.org/W1978299773","https://openalex.org/W1978763812","https://openalex.org/W1980775459","https://openalex.org/W1982085282","https://openalex.org/W1983834588","https://openalex.org/W1983890824","https://openalex.org/W2000468444","https://openalex.org/W2003648250","https://openalex.org/W2006227722","https://openalex.org/W2014670133","https://openalex.org/W2015396179","https://openalex.org/W2016310489","https://openalex.org/W2027815803","https://openalex.org/W2030636484","https://openalex.org/W2033580378","https://openalex.org/W2033823674","https://openalex.org/W2038227076","https://openalex.org/W2038287200","https://openalex.org/W2038727682","https://openalex.org/W2039167216","https://openalex.org/W2041884974","https://openalex.org/W2042444876","https://openalex.org/W2042706232","https://openalex.org/W2050689899","https://openalex.org/W2067522487","https://openalex.org/W2073315259","https://openalex.org/W2075496544","https://openalex.org/W2083655799","https://openalex.org/W2083849298","https://openalex.org/W2087136121","https://openalex.org/W2095727423","https://openalex.org/W2101002427","https://openalex.org/W2105880387","https://openalex.org/W2114339108","https://openalex.org/W2114349736","https://openalex.org/W2123397214","https://openalex.org/W2126100001","https://openalex.org/W2127007481","https://openalex.org/W2127295385","https://openalex.org/W2129191282","https://openalex.org/W2129989499","https://openalex.org/W2135556820","https://openalex.org/W2138226825","https://openalex.org/W2140558936","https://openalex.org/W2147284001","https://openalex.org/W2148694780","https://openalex.org/W2154405414","https://openalex.org/W2155465717","https://openalex.org/W2156518233","https://openalex.org/W2160310197","https://openalex.org/W2160905895","https://openalex.org/W2169469988","https://openalex.org/W2170880090","https://openalex.org/W2263966455","https://openalex.org/W6675975217","https://openalex.org/W6683690031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098043647","https://openalex.org/W2170716497","https://openalex.org/W2253079146","https://openalex.org/W7095494724","https://openalex.org/W1988848089","https://openalex.org/W184213653","https://openalex.org/W2134345362","https://openalex.org/W2123729941","https://openalex.org/W2142280350","https://openalex.org/W2351574556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"All":[0],"cells":[1],"must":[2],"maintain":[3],"a":[4,31,38,59,68,75],"high":[5,32],"ratio":[6,28,34],"of":[7,13,35,44,58,163,190,194,201],"cellular":[8,33,90],"ATP:ADP":[9,27],"to":[10],"survive.":[11],"Because":[12],"the":[14,26,41,45,55,71,137,161,172,176,191,197,206],"adenylate":[15],"kinase":[16,52,61],"reaction":[17],"(2ADP":[18],"<-->":[19],"ATP":[20,96,109],"+":[21],"AMP),":[22],"AMP":[23],"rises":[24],"whenever":[25],"falls,":[29],"and":[30,125,128,166,180,199,205],"AMP:ATP":[36,72],"is":[37,47,54,64,86,115,171,186],"signal":[39],"that":[40,63,78,92,107,120,132,143,151,184],"energy":[42],"status":[43],"cell":[46,157],"compromised.":[48],"The":[49,168],"AMP-activated":[50],"protein":[51,60],"(AMPK)":[53],"downstream":[56],"component":[57],"cascade":[62,170],"switched":[65,87],"on":[66,88,140],"by":[67,89,105,118,126],"rise":[69],"in":[70,80,196],"ratio,":[73],"via":[74,122,130],"complex":[76],"mechanism":[77],"results":[79],"an":[81],"exquisitely":[82],"sensitive":[83],"system.":[84],"AMPK":[85,169],"stresses":[91,106],"either":[93],"interfere":[94],"with":[95],"production":[97],"(e.g.":[98,111],"hypoxia,":[99],"glucose":[100],"deprivation,":[101],"or":[102,104],"ischemia)":[103],"increase":[108],"consumption":[110],"muscle":[112],"contraction).":[113],"It":[114],"also":[116],"activated":[117],"hormones":[119],"act":[121],"Gq-coupled":[123],"receptors,":[124],"leptin":[127],"adiponectin,":[129],"mechanisms":[131],"remain":[133],"unclear.":[134],"Once":[135],"activated,":[136],"system":[138],"switches":[139],"catabolic":[141],"pathways":[142],"generate":[144],"ATP,":[145],"while":[146],"switching":[147],"off":[148],"ATP-consuming":[149],"processes":[150],"are":[152,183],"not":[153],"essential":[154],"for":[155,175,188],"short-term":[156],"survival,":[158],"such":[159],"as":[160],"synthesis":[162],"lipids,":[164],"carbohydrates,":[165],"proteins.":[167],"probable":[173],"target":[174],"antidiabetic":[177],"drug":[178],"metformin,":[179],"current":[181],"indications":[182],"it":[185],"responsible":[187],"many":[189],"beneficial":[192],"effects":[193],"exercise":[195],"treatment":[198],"prevention":[200],"type":[202],"2":[203],"diabetes":[204],"metabolic":[207],"syndrome.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":58}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}