{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117474397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2009.5333196","title":"Perturbation analysis of the effects of B1+ errors on parallel excitation in MRI","display_name":"Perturbation analysis of the effects of B1+ errors on parallel excitation in MRI","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117474397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2009.5333196","mag":"2117474397","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19964100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2009.5333196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2009.5333196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2009.5333196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608786","display_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":"2375-7477","issn":["2375-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062325991","display_name":"Chao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2016-8084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2016-8084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. chaoma2@illinois.edu","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801. chaoma2"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. chaoma2@illinois.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801. chaoma2","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681098","display_name":"Dan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-7575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-7575"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare Systems, Waukesha, WI, USA","Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI 53188"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare Systems, Waukesha, WI, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI 53188","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103527658","display_name":"Kevin F. King","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.F. King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare Systems, Waukesha, WI, USA","Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI 53188"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare Systems, Waukesha, WI, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI 53188","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019294923","display_name":"Zhi\u2010Pei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4586-3056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4586-3056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Pei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801. chaoma2"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801. chaoma2","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83890031,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2009","issue":null,"first_page":"4064","last_page":"4066"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11809","display_name":"Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12603","display_name":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-excitation","display_name":"parallel excitation","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-pulse-design","display_name":"RF pulse design","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation-analysis","display_name":"perturbation analysis","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation-patterns","display_name":"excitation patterns","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4691053032875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3854501247406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3756744861602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3138921856880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08741796016693115}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011846","descriptor_name":"Radio Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2009.5333196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2009.5333196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2009.5333196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608786","display_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":"2375-7477","issn":["2375-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:19964100","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19964100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92589286","https://openalex.org/W1977717973","https://openalex.org/W1987442276","https://openalex.org/W1987964793","https://openalex.org/W2023542643","https://openalex.org/W2032617824","https://openalex.org/W2085871834","https://openalex.org/W2147746614","https://openalex.org/W2604996334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130469922","https://openalex.org/W2117642448","https://openalex.org/W4404749288","https://openalex.org/W2962986354","https://openalex.org/W2103350699","https://openalex.org/W2769415239","https://openalex.org/W1700549028","https://openalex.org/W92589286","https://openalex.org/W2040969699","https://openalex.org/W7213468903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Design":[0],"of":[1,30,47,53,94],"RF":[2,97,113],"pulses":[3,98,114],"for":[4,111],"parallel":[5],"excitation":[6,37,84],"using":[7,39],"phased":[8],"array":[9],"transmit":[10],"coils":[11],"in":[12],"MRI":[13],"requires":[14],"the":[15,28,35,48,54,77,82,92,95],"B1+":[16,22,31,67,78,100,119],"maps":[17],"that":[18,115],"are":[19,116],"estimated":[20],"from":[21],"mapping":[23,32,79,101,120],"experiments.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"characterizes":[27],"effects":[29],"errors":[33,80],"on":[34,45,65],"resulting":[36,83],"pattern":[38],"a":[40,73],"small":[41],"perturbation":[42,56,70],"analysis":[43,57,71],"based":[44,64],"linearization":[46],"Bloch":[49,61],"equation.":[50],"The":[51,69,103],"accuracy":[52],"proposed":[55,104],"is":[58],"validated":[59],"by":[60],"equation":[62],"simulations":[63],"experimental":[66],"maps.":[68],"builds":[72],"transparent":[74],"connection":[75],"between":[76],"and":[81,86],"errors,":[85],"can":[87],"be":[88],"used":[89],"to":[90,99,118],"study":[91],"robustness":[93],"designed":[96],"errors.":[102,121],"method":[105],"may":[106],"also":[107],"supply":[108],"useful":[109],"metrics":[110],"designing":[112],"robust":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}