{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117449643","doi":null,"title":"Study of water supply & sanitation practices in India using geographic information systems: some design & other considerations in a village setting.","display_name":"Study of water supply & sanitation practices in India using geographic information systems: some design & other considerations in a village setting.","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117449643","mag":"2117449643","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19491414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:19491414","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19491414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Indian journal of medical research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036801316","display_name":"Srila Gopal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-3216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-3216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172917736","display_name":"Christian Medical College, Vellore","ror":"https://ror.org/00c7kvd80","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172917736"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srila Gopal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172917736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063260881","display_name":"Rajiv Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-3129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-3129"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajiv Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061371711","display_name":"Kalyan Banda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-6906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-6906"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalyan Banda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065146072","display_name":"Jeyanthi Govindarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5924-0952","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5924-0952"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeyanthi Govindarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075154969","display_name":"Bhim Bahadur Harijan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B B Harijan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076014191","display_name":"Mary Benita Jeyakumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M B Jeyakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050637371","display_name":"Philip Mitta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Mitta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000192807","display_name":"Madhuri Evangeline Sadanala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-0096","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-0096"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M E Sadanala","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025784367","display_name":"Tryphena Selwyn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tryphena Selwyn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041740819","display_name":"Christina Rachel Suresh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C R Suresh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034623677","display_name":"Verghese Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-2903","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-2903"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V A Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085201621","display_name":"Pethuru Devadason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7575-8663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7575-8663"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pethuru Devadason","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103421240","display_name":"Ranjit Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranjit Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085104084","display_name":"David Selvapandian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Selvapandian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087299636","display_name":"Gagandeep Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-564X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-564X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gagandeep Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010019221","display_name":"Vinohar Balraj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinohar Balraj","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9059,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75848729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"129","issue":"3","first_page":"233","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.6284000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.6284000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":0.22840000689029694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14169","display_name":"Public Health and Environmental Issues","score":0.07240000367164612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-supply","display_name":"water supply","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanitation","display_name":"sanitation","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-contamination","display_name":"drinking water contamination","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-contamination","display_name":"microbial contamination","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diarrhoeal-diseases","display_name":"diarrhoeal diseases","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-disposal","display_name":"wastewater disposal","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-of-use-disinfection","display_name":"point-of-use disinfection","score":0.7879999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780151969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949149","display_name":"Sanitation","level":2,"score":0.8896772861480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97053079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061108","display_name":"Water supply","level":2,"score":0.7240489721298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58790150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10966166","display_name":"Sewage","level":2,"score":0.5840436816215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.5044451951980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.503581702709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140688305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5885","display_name":"Tamil","level":2,"score":0.43748927116394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4206242263317108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.4192473590373993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41071590781211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.38259345293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3654646575450897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3425305187702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3384408950805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3259887099266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3246206045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1013849675655365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003140","descriptor_name":"Communicable Disease Control","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003672","descriptor_name":"Defecation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005160","descriptor_name":"Facility Design and Construction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006798","descriptor_name":"Housing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007194","descriptor_name":"India","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009017","descriptor_name":"Morbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011634","descriptor_name":"Public Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012722","descriptor_name":"Sewage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014881","descriptor_name":"Water Supply","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018508","descriptor_name":"Water Purification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018508","descriptor_name":"Water Purification","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040362","descriptor_name":"Geographic Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:19491414","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19491414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Indian journal of medical research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148939576","https://openalex.org/W253908899","https://openalex.org/W1551303486","https://openalex.org/W1595357746","https://openalex.org/W1970143540","https://openalex.org/W1987892589","https://openalex.org/W1996678596","https://openalex.org/W2002151188","https://openalex.org/W2010094202","https://openalex.org/W2012748705","https://openalex.org/W2013742472","https://openalex.org/W2019011487","https://openalex.org/W2028469565","https://openalex.org/W2036873868","https://openalex.org/W2057044056","https://openalex.org/W2081069019","https://openalex.org/W2108091428","https://openalex.org/W2120915670","https://openalex.org/W2152189252","https://openalex.org/W2159731738","https://openalex.org/W2160611008","https://openalex.org/W2170243892","https://openalex.org/W2171402336","https://openalex.org/W2385086724","https://openalex.org/W2414727454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989819646","https://openalex.org/W2917957979","https://openalex.org/W2013742472","https://openalex.org/W4410111185","https://openalex.org/W3214281452","https://openalex.org/W2368830633","https://openalex.org/W2155004296","https://openalex.org/W2955699593","https://openalex.org/W2898153779","https://openalex.org/W2011914572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"&":[1,121],"OBJECTIVE:":[2],"Availability":[3],"of":[4,12,26,40,102,104,112],"clean":[5],"water":[6,22,42,59,106,114,128,142],"and":[7,23,44,47,57,100,130],"adequate":[8],"sanitation":[9,24],"facilities":[10,25],"are":[11,138],"prime":[13],"importance":[14],"for":[15,63,84,127],"limiting":[16],"diarrhoeal":[17],"diseases.":[18],"We":[19],"examined":[20],"the":[21,52,76,105],"a":[27],"village":[28,53,77,136],"in":[29,51,66,75],"southern":[30],"India":[31],"using":[32,87],"geographic":[33],"information":[34],"system":[35,108],"(GIS)":[36],"tools.":[37],"METHODS:":[38],"Places":[39],"residence,":[41],"storage":[43],"distribution,":[45],"sewage":[46,116,131],"places":[48],"where":[49],"people":[50],"defaecated":[54],"were":[55,61],"mapped":[56],"drinking":[58,113],"sources":[60],"tested":[62],"microbial":[64],"contamination":[65,111],"Nelvoy":[67],"village,":[68],"Vellore":[69],"district,":[70],"Tamil":[71],"Nadu.":[72],"RESULTS:":[73],"Water":[74],"was":[78],"found":[79],"to":[80,133],"be":[81],"microbiologically":[82],"unfit":[83],"consumption.":[85],"Analysis":[86],"direct":[88],"observations":[89],"supplemented":[90],"by":[91],"GIS":[92],"maps":[93],"revealed":[94],"poor":[95,97],"planning,":[96],"engineering":[98,125],"design":[99],"lack":[101],"policing":[103],"distribution":[107],"causing":[109],"possible":[110],"from":[115],"at":[117],"multiple":[118],"sites.":[119],"INTERPRETATION":[120],"CONCLUSION:":[122],"Until":[123],"appropriate":[124],"designs":[126],"supply":[129],"disposal":[132],"suit":[134],"individual":[135],"needs":[137],"made":[139],"available,":[140],"point-of-use":[141],"disinfection":[143],"methods":[144],"could":[145],"serve":[146],"as":[147],"an":[148],"interim":[149],"solution.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}