{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117413871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.12.1375","title":"Impact of Inadequate Initial Antimicrobial Therapy on Mortality in Infections Due to Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase\u2013Producing Enterobacteriaceae","display_name":"Impact of Inadequate Initial Antimicrobial Therapy on Mortality in Infections Due to Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase\u2013Producing Enterobacteriaceae","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117413871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.12.1375","mag":"2117413871","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15983286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/archinte.165.12.1375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.12.1375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.12.1375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206803","display_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9926","issn":["0003-9926","0730-188X","1538-3679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059483556","display_name":"Emily Parker Hyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8721-106X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8721-106X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily P. Hyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6021, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6021, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039718927","display_name":"Adam D. Lipworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8685-3971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8685-3971"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam D. Lipworth","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107845445","display_name":"Theoklis E. Zaoutis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theoklis E. Zaoutis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000083246","display_name":"Irving Nachamkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-9716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-9716"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irving Nachamkin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024575747","display_name":"Warren B. Bilker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-7525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-7525"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warren B. Bilker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090134158","display_name":"Ebbing Lautenbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-2409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-2409"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebbing Lautenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":195,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99067942,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"165","issue":"12","first_page":"1375","last_page":"1375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1313","display_name":"Molecular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1313","display_name":"Molecular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11232","display_name":"Urinary Tract Infections Management","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase","display_name":"extended-spectrum beta-lactamase","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esbl-producing-enterobacterales","display_name":"ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistance","display_name":"multidrug resistance","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/klebsiella","display_name":"Klebsiella","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nosocomial-infections","display_name":"nosocomial infections","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistance","display_name":"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aminoglycoside-resistance","display_name":"aminoglycoside resistance","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quinolone-resistance","display_name":"quinolone resistance","score":0.9549999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7036689519882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6293420195579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6057113409042358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422665","display_name":"Trimethoprim","level":3,"score":0.5841437578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.5833273530006409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5581164956092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779425571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415843","display_name":"Sulfamethoxazole","level":3,"score":0.5058602690696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.477022647857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.42367249727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777058267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132592","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","level":4,"score":0.4148828983306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3355311155319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.3083614706993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.16410133242607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1575416922569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001618","descriptor_name":"beta-Lactamases","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004334","descriptor_name":"Drug Administration Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004927","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004927","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007239","descriptor_name":"Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007239","descriptor_name":"Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007239","descriptor_name":"Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007710","descriptor_name":"Klebsiella Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007710","descriptor_name":"Klebsiella Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007711","descriptor_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017211","descriptor_name":"Treatment Failure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041121","descriptor_name":"Klebsiella oxytoca","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/archinte.165.12.1375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.12.1375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.12.1375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206803","display_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9926","issn":["0003-9926","0730-188X","1538-3679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15983286","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15983286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of internal medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2538249784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DK02987-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5052220626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U18 HS10399","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W1988629557","https://openalex.org/W1996500905","https://openalex.org/W2003578597","https://openalex.org/W2003923050","https://openalex.org/W2006919711","https://openalex.org/W2027672571","https://openalex.org/W2060932845","https://openalex.org/W2062328478","https://openalex.org/W2071637551","https://openalex.org/W2073060575","https://openalex.org/W2088048768","https://openalex.org/W2102463930","https://openalex.org/W2112459888","https://openalex.org/W2113444295","https://openalex.org/W2115806935","https://openalex.org/W2150000105","https://openalex.org/W2153868993","https://openalex.org/W2158505556","https://openalex.org/W2287851705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124945254","https://openalex.org/W2071109472","https://openalex.org/W1971808723","https://openalex.org/W3044025702","https://openalex.org/W2133973692","https://openalex.org/W2802870463","https://openalex.org/W1990247558","https://openalex.org/W1989472454","https://openalex.org/W2086445439","https://openalex.org/W2107798205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Infections":[1],"due":[2],"to":[3,49,71,111,183],"extended-spectrum":[4],"beta-lactamase-producing":[5],"Escherichia":[6],"coli":[7],"and":[8,43,66,96,142,186,190],"Klebsiella":[9],"species":[10],"(ESBL-EK)":[11],"have":[12,25],"increased":[13],"markedly":[14],"in":[15,36,82,125,137,210],"recent":[16],"years.":[17],"Risk":[18],"factors":[19,114,171],"for":[20,102,115,153,157,172,208,225],"mortality":[21,81,209],"among":[22,215],"ESBL-EK":[23,83,90,159,180,194,211],"infections":[24,160],"not":[26],"been":[27],"studied.":[28],"METHODS:":[29],"This":[30],"retrospective":[31],"cohort":[32],"study":[33,110],"was":[34,64,76,132,148,220],"conducted":[35,106],"a":[37,44,62,107,133,178,221],"625-bed":[38],"tertiary":[39],"care":[40],"medical":[41],"center":[42],"344-bed":[45],"urban":[46],"community":[47],"hospital":[48],"determine":[50],"whether":[51],"inadequate":[52],"initial":[53,200],"antimicrobial":[54,201],"therapy":[55,202],"(IIAT)":[56],"(>48":[57],"hours":[58],"between":[59,92,140],"the":[60,73,126,138],"time":[61],"culture":[63],"obtained":[65],"initiation":[67],"of":[68,130,146],"an":[69,89,149,204],"agent":[70],"which":[72],"infecting":[74],"organism":[75],"susceptible)":[77],"is":[78,203],"associated":[79],"with":[80,88,177],"infections.":[84,217],"All":[85],"hospitalized":[86],"patients":[87],"infection":[91,131,176,195],"June":[93],"1,":[94],"1997,":[95],"December":[97],"31,":[98],"2002,":[99],"were":[100,174],"eligible":[101],"inclusion.":[103],"Subsequently,":[104],"we":[105],"nested":[108],"case-control":[109],"identify":[112],"risk":[113,151,170,206,223],"IIAT.":[116,226],"RESULTS:":[117],"Of":[118],"187":[119],"subjects,":[120],"32":[121],"(17.1%)":[122],"died":[123],"while":[124],"hospital.":[127],"Clinical":[128],"site":[129],"significant":[134],"effect":[135],"modifier":[136],"association":[139],"IIAT":[141,147,173],"mortality.":[143],"The":[144],"presence":[145],"independent":[150,205],"factor":[152,207,224],"mortality,":[154],"but":[155,213],"only":[156,214],"nonurinary":[158,216],"(adjusted":[161],"odds":[162],"ratio":[163],"[95%":[164],"confidence":[165],"interval],":[166],"10.04":[167],"[1.90-52.96]).":[168],"Independent":[169],"(1)":[175],"multidrug-resistant":[179],"(ie,":[181],"resistant":[182],"sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,":[184],"aminoglycosides,":[185],"quinolones)":[187],"(14.58":[188],"[1.91-111.36])":[189],"(2)":[191],"health":[192],"care-acquired":[193],"(4.32":[196],"[1.49-12.54]).":[197],"CONCLUSIONS:":[198],"Inadequate":[199],"infections,":[212],"Multidrug":[218],"resistance":[219],"strong":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}