{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117330232","doi":null,"title":"Aerosol granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor: a low toxicity, lung-specific biological therapy in patients with lung metastases.","display_name":"Aerosol granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor: a low toxicity, lung-specific biological therapy in patients with lung metastases.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117330232","mag":"2117330232","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10499599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10499599","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10499599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060957245","display_name":"Peter Meade Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0011-0969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0011-0969"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P M Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. anderson.peter@mayo.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. anderson.peter@mayo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082719040","display_name":"Svetomir N. Markovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-4325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-4325"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S N Markovic","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033542906","display_name":"J A Sloan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J A Sloan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M L Clawson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M L Clawson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045749949","display_name":"Mark E. Wylam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8859-4231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8859-4231"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Wylam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112202790","display_name":"Carola A.S. Arndt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C A Arndt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111509358","display_name":"W. Anthony Smithson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W A Smithson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050514405","display_name":"Patrick A. Burch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9387-5532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9387-5532"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Burch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021703783","display_name":"Megan E. Gornet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3347-0255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3347-0255"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Gornet","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022507445","display_name":"E Rahman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89330054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"9","first_page":"2316","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11651","display_name":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11651","display_name":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gm-csf","display_name":"GM-CSF","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-drug-delivery","display_name":"aerosol drug delivery","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nebulization","display_name":"nebulization","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-metastasis","display_name":"lung metastasis","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-therapy","display_name":"cytokine therapy","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ewing-sarcoma","display_name":"Ewing sarcoma","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanoma","display_name":"melanoma","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-escalation","display_name":"dose escalation","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function","display_name":"lung function","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-blood-cell-count","display_name":"white blood cell count","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"immunotherapy","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8266141414642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.660465657711029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781047374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2100012","display_name":"Pulmonary toxicity","level":3,"score":0.6134670376777649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.5575023293495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419327","display_name":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor","level":3,"score":0.5312235951423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777478134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423660","display_name":"Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor","level":3,"score":0.5024821758270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.4883084297180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.44750767946243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.4194514751434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4157818853855133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780333948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653305","display_name":"Spirometry","level":3,"score":0.4139522910118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776954882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840343","display_name":"Inhalation","level":2,"score":0.4134840965270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3028075098991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.2689838111400604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.11236226558685303}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000280","descriptor_name":"Administration, Inhalation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000336","descriptor_name":"Aerosols","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001772","descriptor_name":"Blood Cell Count","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000556","qualifier_name":"secondary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012129","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Function Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016178","descriptor_name":"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016178","descriptor_name":"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016178","descriptor_name":"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10499599","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10499599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:2117330232","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10499599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66823086","https://openalex.org/W90568390","https://openalex.org/W164824509","https://openalex.org/W179035099","https://openalex.org/W267564600","https://openalex.org/W1486248937","https://openalex.org/W1528905581","https://openalex.org/W1567292025","https://openalex.org/W1631649529","https://openalex.org/W1886573165","https://openalex.org/W1900393559","https://openalex.org/W1901905837","https://openalex.org/W1912136430","https://openalex.org/W1918446294","https://openalex.org/W1970681680","https://openalex.org/W1974845747","https://openalex.org/W1976581204","https://openalex.org/W1985136922","https://openalex.org/W1985321490","https://openalex.org/W1991104217","https://openalex.org/W1991148746","https://openalex.org/W1996645743","https://openalex.org/W2001132572","https://openalex.org/W2013944187","https://openalex.org/W2021071750","https://openalex.org/W2030697288","https://openalex.org/W2039332929","https://openalex.org/W2050436841","https://openalex.org/W2050842983","https://openalex.org/W2056025023","https://openalex.org/W2056533830","https://openalex.org/W2061988271","https://openalex.org/W2070822337","https://openalex.org/W2082850084","https://openalex.org/W2091749595","https://openalex.org/W2094950931","https://openalex.org/W2098450145","https://openalex.org/W2099441968","https://openalex.org/W2100252032","https://openalex.org/W2107210917","https://openalex.org/W2114242966","https://openalex.org/W2130614990","https://openalex.org/W2133495180","https://openalex.org/W2145284995","https://openalex.org/W2145361335","https://openalex.org/W2149860264","https://openalex.org/W2154178609","https://openalex.org/W2164553916","https://openalex.org/W2177149137","https://openalex.org/W2204518675","https://openalex.org/W2249202800","https://openalex.org/W2266212450","https://openalex.org/W2271497897","https://openalex.org/W2314683697","https://openalex.org/W2330456765","https://openalex.org/W2340315346","https://openalex.org/W2403910446","https://openalex.org/W2409536743","https://openalex.org/W2412710087","https://openalex.org/W2417859367","https://openalex.org/W2428061453","https://openalex.org/W2470414013","https://openalex.org/W3015463134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3029319102","https://openalex.org/W2087315262","https://openalex.org/W2035474626","https://openalex.org/W2056025023","https://openalex.org/W1989006017","https://openalex.org/W2100378516","https://openalex.org/W2109866965","https://openalex.org/W100505031","https://openalex.org/W1896520550","https://openalex.org/W1974960469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,173],"objective":[1],"was":[2,69,116,166],"to":[3,14,100,160],"study":[4,27],"the":[5,15,56,81,211,243],"feasibility":[6],"of":[7,60,63,86,119,138,182,216,224,248],"granulocyte":[8],"macrophage-colony":[9],"stimulating":[10],"factor":[11],"(GM-CSF)":[12],"delivery":[13,223,234],"lung":[16,170,244],"using":[17,46],"an":[18,178],"aerosol":[19,184],"in":[20,132,149,242],"humans.":[21],"A":[22],"Phase":[23],"I":[24],"dose":[25,32,83,91,164,187],"escalation":[26],"provided":[28],"GM-CSF":[29,64,185,225],"at":[30,55,80,186],"three":[31,213],"levels":[33],"as":[34],"a":[35,47,199,203,208],"twice-a-day":[36],"(BID)":[37],"x":[38,97,104,111],"7":[39,74,98,105,112,124],"days":[40,75],"schedule.":[41],"Pulmonary":[42,140],"functions":[43,141],"were":[44,53,78,89,144],"monitored":[45],"remote":[48],"spirometry":[49],"device.":[50],"Blood":[51],"counts":[52,127],"checked":[54],"beginning":[57],"and":[58,76,122,202,229,245],"end":[59],"each":[61],"week":[62],"nebulization.":[65],"If":[66],"no":[67,129],"toxicity":[68,115],"encountered,":[70],"patients":[71,88,176],"rested":[72],"for":[73,219],"then":[77,107],"treated":[79],"next":[82],"level.":[84],"Six":[85],"seven":[87],"successfully":[90],"escalated":[92],"from":[93],"60":[94],"microg/dose":[95,102,109],"BID":[96,103,110],"days,":[99,106],"120":[101],"240":[108],"days.":[113],"No":[114,146],"seen.":[117],"Comparison":[118],"day":[120,123],"0":[121],"blood":[125],"leukocyte":[126,134],"showed":[128],"significant":[130,147],"increases":[131],"either":[133,161],"numbers":[135],"or":[136,156,163],"percentage":[137],"neutrophils.":[139],"test":[142],"changes":[143],"minor.":[145],"change":[148],"forced":[150],"vital":[151],"capacity,":[152],"FEV1,":[153],"peak":[154],"flow,":[155],"FEF":[157],"25-75":[158],"related":[159],"time":[162],"level":[165,188],"observed.":[167],"One":[168,193],"patient's":[169],"metastases":[171,218],"progressed.":[172],"other":[174,212],"five":[175],"received":[177],"additional":[179],"2-6":[180,220],"months":[181],"intermittent":[183],"3":[189],"without":[190],"side":[191],"effects.":[192],"patient":[194,204],"with":[195,205],"Ewing's":[196],"sarcoma":[197],"has":[198],"complete":[200],"response,":[201],"melanoma":[206],"had":[207,214],"partial":[209],"response;":[210],"stabilization":[215],"pulmonary":[217],"months.":[221],"Aerosol":[222,232],"is":[226,246],"feasible,":[227],"safe,":[228],"possibly":[230],"effective.":[231],"cytokine":[233],"may":[235],"achieve":[236],"effective":[237],"immunological":[238],"activation":[239],"against":[240],"cancer":[241],"worthy":[247],"further":[249],"study.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
