{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117003845","doi":null,"title":"Mechanism of action of clozapine in the context of dopamine D1-D2 receptor hetero-dimerization--a working hypothesis.","display_name":"Mechanism of action of clozapine in the context of dopamine D1-D2 receptor hetero-dimerization--a working hypothesis.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117003845","mag":"2117003845","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19066405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:19066405","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19066405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacological reports : PR","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/78257","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089673359","display_name":"Marta Dziedzicka\u2010Wasylewska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-7874","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-7874"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120768","display_name":"Maj Institute of Pharmacology","ror":"https://ror.org/0288swk05","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120768","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Krak\u00f3w, Poland. wasyl@if-pan.krakow.pl"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Krak\u00f3w, Poland. wasyl@if-pan.krakow.pl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120768","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027636060","display_name":"Agata Faron\u2010G\u00f3recka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-190X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-190X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agata Faron-G\u00f3recka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026804544","display_name":"Andrzej G\u00f3recki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-447X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-447X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej G\u00f3recki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111910627","display_name":"Maciej Ku\u015bemider","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Ku\u015bemider","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59462095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"5","first_page":"581","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.052299998700618744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clozapine","display_name":"clozapine","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine-d1-receptor","display_name":"dopamine D1 receptor","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine-d2-receptor","display_name":"dopamine D2 receptor","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor-oligomerization","display_name":"receptor oligomerization","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-mechanism-of-action","display_name":"antipsychotic mechanism of action","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-affinity-binding-sites","display_name":"high-affinity binding sites","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/g-protein-coupling","display_name":"G protein coupling","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer","display_name":"fluorescence resonance energy transfer","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-lifetime-imaging-microscopy","display_name":"fluorescence lifetime imaging","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosis","display_name":"psychosis","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/striatal-neurons","display_name":"striatal neurons","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medial-prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"medial prefrontal cortex","score":0.9620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221361","display_name":"Clozapine","level":3,"score":0.8705868124961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44208683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15335165","display_name":"Dopamine receptor D2","level":3,"score":0.7994576096534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.7067971229553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.5722916722297668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170457331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242622","display_name":"Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia","level":4,"score":0.5616196393966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120069818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415496","display_name":"Dopamine receptor","level":3,"score":0.5497947335243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120750228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2035393","display_name":"Dopamine receptor D1","level":4,"score":0.5446341633796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776120743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271540","display_name":"Mechanism of action","level":3,"score":0.5383959412574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780494398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208144","display_name":"Antipsychotic","level":3,"score":0.5356462001800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5304255485534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776921671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758295","display_name":"Atypical antipsychotic","level":4,"score":0.5101540684700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5080845355987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.45939964056015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.4264783561229706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3809901475906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.32513290643692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.2542859613895416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24262526631355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2280050814151764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.16164526343345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.09283161163330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.07646515965461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003024","descriptor_name":"Clozapine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017447","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Dopamine D1","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017447","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Dopamine D1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017447","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Dopamine D1","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017448","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Dopamine D2","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017448","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Dopamine D2","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017448","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Dopamine D2","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019281","descriptor_name":"Dimerization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:19066405","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19066405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacological reports : PR","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.418.7050","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.418.7050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rabbit.if-pan.krakow.pl/pjp/pdf/2008/5_581.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/78257","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/78257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401249","display_name":"Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","host_organization_name":"Jagiellonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/78257","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/78257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401249","display_name":"Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","host_organization_name":"Jagiellonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32423411","https://openalex.org/W1586466064","https://openalex.org/W1602855037","https://openalex.org/W1659384861","https://openalex.org/W1908496136","https://openalex.org/W1918794370","https://openalex.org/W1938728801","https://openalex.org/W1968447411","https://openalex.org/W1981664395","https://openalex.org/W1982425215","https://openalex.org/W1982539986","https://openalex.org/W1986790792","https://openalex.org/W1996020517","https://openalex.org/W1996327177","https://openalex.org/W1999029528","https://openalex.org/W2008079764","https://openalex.org/W2010202895","https://openalex.org/W2010603321","https://openalex.org/W2010755056","https://openalex.org/W2015760775","https://openalex.org/W2016716271","https://openalex.org/W2016828293","https://openalex.org/W2020871709","https://openalex.org/W2022725791","https://openalex.org/W2024942419","https://openalex.org/W2027698033","https://openalex.org/W2028401025","https://openalex.org/W2032257903","https://openalex.org/W2039482493","https://openalex.org/W2045581755","https://openalex.org/W2046346017","https://openalex.org/W2046827837","https://openalex.org/W2066738995","https://openalex.org/W2073066871","https://openalex.org/W2073130503","https://openalex.org/W2073618643","https://openalex.org/W2074831881","https://openalex.org/W2086015992","https://openalex.org/W2094970290","https://openalex.org/W2098102155","https://openalex.org/W2098666011","https://openalex.org/W2099576957","https://openalex.org/W2124002377","https://openalex.org/W2134257939","https://openalex.org/W2139129258","https://openalex.org/W2139299435","https://openalex.org/W2150760506","https://openalex.org/W2154397718","https://openalex.org/W2160744898","https://openalex.org/W2164060165","https://openalex.org/W2297919795","https://openalex.org/W2399290182","https://openalex.org/W2415246766","https://openalex.org/W2483947977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982425215","https://openalex.org/W7096445776","https://openalex.org/W2794323931","https://openalex.org/W4318824922","https://openalex.org/W2008079764","https://openalex.org/W2128221001","https://openalex.org/W2274639366","https://openalex.org/W2789872730","https://openalex.org/W2619845539","https://openalex.org/W1964296928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,185,259],"tight":[1],"correlation":[2],"between":[3],"the":[4,8,28,45,52,73,127,155,196,199,207,212,216,227,236,248,263,267,277,281,297,300],"clinical":[5],"potency":[6],"and":[7,48,94,109,141,177,243],"D2R":[9],"blocking":[10],"action":[11,56,84,304],"of":[12,27,55,57,75,83,85,120,138,181,187,219,250,255,269,283,299,303,305],"antipsychotic":[13,31,306],"medications":[14],"suggests":[15],"that":[16,92,107,135,158,229,245],"dopamine":[17,46,76,143,175,256],"hyperactivity":[18],"plays":[19],"a":[20,81,115,251,288],"significant":[21],"role":[22,74],"in":[23,126,148,204,262],"psychosis.":[24],"Clozapine,":[25],"one":[26],"most":[29],"effective":[30],"drugs,":[32],"has":[33,59,88],"been":[34,62,89],"shown":[35],"to":[36,72,99,117,153,206,280,295],"display":[37],"moderate":[38,116],"affinity":[39,209,231,253],"for":[40,291],"various":[41],"neurotransmitter":[42],"receptors,":[43],"including":[44],"D1":[47,93,108,140],"D2":[49,95,110,142],"receptors;":[50],"however,":[51,103],"exact":[53],"mechanism":[54,82,302],"clozapine":[58,159,188,220,246,270],"not":[60],"yet":[61],"fully":[63],"elucidated.":[64],"Here,":[65],"we":[66,164],"describe":[67],"our":[68],"working":[69,156],"hypothesis":[70,157],"pointing":[71,279],"D1-D2":[77,161,257,272],"receptor":[78,162,237,273],"hetero-dimerization":[79],"as":[80,123,125,287],"clozapine.":[86],"It":[87],"widely":[90],"assumed":[91],"receptors":[96,111,144,176,284],"are":[97,112],"segregated":[98],"separate":[100],"neuronal":[101],"populations;":[102],"other":[104],"data":[105,278],"suggest":[106],"co-expressed":[113],"by":[114],"substantial":[118],"proportion":[119],"striatal":[121],"neurons,":[122],"well":[124],"medial":[128],"prefrontal":[129],"cortex.":[130],"Our":[131],"recent":[132],"studies":[133],"indicate":[134],"concomitant":[136],"stimulation":[137],"both":[139],"induces":[145],"an":[146],"increase":[147,296],"their":[149],"hetero-dimerization.":[150],"In":[151],"order":[152],"confirm":[154],"influences":[160],"oligomerization,":[163],"employed":[165],"fluorescence":[166,178],"resonance":[167],"energy":[168],"transfer":[169,213,222],"(FRET)":[170],"technology,":[171],"using":[172],"fluorescently":[173],"tagged":[174],"lifetime":[179],"microscopy":[180],"intact":[182],"living":[183],"cells.":[184],"effect":[186,268],"on":[189,195,271],"D1R-D2R":[190],"hetero-oligomerization":[191,249],"was":[192],"strongly":[193],"dependent":[194],"drug":[197],"concentration;":[198],"lower":[200],"concentration,":[201],"which":[202],"resulted":[203],"binding":[205,232],"high":[208,230,252],"sites,":[210],"decreased":[211],"efficiency,":[214],"while":[215],"higher":[217],"concentration":[218],"enhanced":[221],"efficiency.":[223],"Further":[224],"investigation":[225],"confirmed":[226],"idea":[228],"sites":[233],"exist":[234],"when":[235],"is":[238],"coupled":[239],"with":[240,276],"G":[241],"protein,":[242],"also":[244],"attenuates":[247],"pool":[254],"receptors.":[258],"results":[260],"discussed":[261],"present":[264],"study,":[265],"showing":[266],"hetero-oligomerization,":[274],"together":[275],"importance":[282],"forming":[285],"hetero-oligomers":[286],"novel":[289],"level":[290],"pharmacological":[292],"intervention":[293],"help":[294],"understanding":[298],"molecular":[301],"drugs.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}