{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116896383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.152049","title":"Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens","display_name":"Some Biochemical and Immunological Changes Associated with Use of Garlic Extract (Allicin) in Combating Some Fish Pathogens","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116896383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.152049","mag":"2116896383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.152049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.152049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402245","display_name":"Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":"1110-2047","issn":["1110-2047","2536-9520"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318386","host_organization_name":"Scopemed","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scopemed"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.152049","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109221752","display_name":"Ryad Khalil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryad Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033908437","display_name":"Hanaa ElHofy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanaa ElHofy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036282946","display_name":"MANAL M. YEHYA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manal Yehya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015856094","display_name":"Khalid M. Selim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Selim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14422285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11979","display_name":"Garlic and Onion Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allicin","display_name":"allicin","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garlic-extract","display_name":"garlic extract","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunostimulants","display_name":"immunostimulants","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-bream","display_name":"sea bream","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibrio-alginolyticus","display_name":"Vibrio alginolyticus","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-pathogens","display_name":"fish pathogens","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagocytic-activity","display_name":"phagocytic activity","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-leukocyte-count","display_name":"differential leukocyte count","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lysozyme-activity","display_name":"lysozyme activity","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bactericidal-activity","display_name":"bactericidal activity","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-cortisol","display_name":"plasma cortisol","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-total-protein","display_name":"serum total protein","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globulin","display_name":"globulin","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival-rate","display_name":"survival rate","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histopathology","display_name":"histopathology","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplementation","display_name":"dietary supplementation","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781005338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409641","display_name":"Allicin","level":2,"score":0.9581234455108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.5946250557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.576622724533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5249536037445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.42668643593788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3802938461303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.10804447531700134}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.152049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.152049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402245","display_name":"Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":"1110-2047","issn":["1110-2047","2536-9520"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318386","host_organization_name":"Scopemed","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scopemed"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2556027986","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://applications.emro.who.int/imemrf/Alex_J_Vet_Sci/Alex_J_Vet_Sci_2014_41_April_1_18.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5455/ajvs.152049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.152049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.152049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402245","display_name":"Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences","issn_l":"1110-2047","issn":["1110-2047","2536-9520"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318386","host_organization_name":"Scopemed","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318386"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scopemed"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.766700029373169,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W253287562","https://openalex.org/W563412920","https://openalex.org/W586879986","https://openalex.org/W1966021021","https://openalex.org/W1975449932","https://openalex.org/W1977376793","https://openalex.org/W1987256958","https://openalex.org/W1987492394","https://openalex.org/W1990800920","https://openalex.org/W1991972285","https://openalex.org/W1994983353","https://openalex.org/W2005790552","https://openalex.org/W2008980822","https://openalex.org/W2009878632","https://openalex.org/W2011476107","https://openalex.org/W2015707024","https://openalex.org/W2017800040","https://openalex.org/W2020136057","https://openalex.org/W2034645951","https://openalex.org/W2038512448","https://openalex.org/W2043184151","https://openalex.org/W2050315622","https://openalex.org/W2059638541","https://openalex.org/W2062586689","https://openalex.org/W2065173659","https://openalex.org/W2065387895","https://openalex.org/W2069623448","https://openalex.org/W2074625690","https://openalex.org/W2081178287","https://openalex.org/W2081555286","https://openalex.org/W2085390942","https://openalex.org/W2088009001","https://openalex.org/W2098959231","https://openalex.org/W2104462602","https://openalex.org/W2113504673","https://openalex.org/W2117923083","https://openalex.org/W2137019900","https://openalex.org/W2144444084","https://openalex.org/W2146979305","https://openalex.org/W2151084189","https://openalex.org/W2156596347","https://openalex.org/W2163923960","https://openalex.org/W2165296968","https://openalex.org/W2331658967","https://openalex.org/W2409184112","https://openalex.org/W3104178190","https://openalex.org/W3213543413","https://openalex.org/W4235313967","https://openalex.org/W4299672889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2556027986","https://openalex.org/W2059776043","https://openalex.org/W862229992","https://openalex.org/W2824982579","https://openalex.org/W2050315622","https://openalex.org/W3151821022","https://openalex.org/W4206202153","https://openalex.org/W323300282","https://openalex.org/W2472901089","https://openalex.org/W128951384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"studied":[1],"the":[2,59,91,104,129,168,172,184,196,200,235],"effects":[3],"of":[4,23,46,80,93,116,119,147,157,205,213,221,234,238,245,254,259,265,271,287],"garlic":[5],"(allicin)":[6],"which":[7],"used":[8],"as":[9],"immunostimulant":[10],"on":[11],"some":[12],"physiological,":[13],"biochemical":[14],"parameters,":[15],"survival":[16],"rate,":[17],"histopathological":[18,296],"studies":[19,204],"and":[20,50,74,102,139,161,217,232,263,275,285],"bacteriological":[21],"characteristics":[22],"sea":[24],"bream.":[25],"Fish":[26],"(50":[27],"\u00b1":[28],"5":[29],"g/fish)":[30],"were":[31,75,106,163],"assigned":[32],"to":[33,56,125,228,294,307],"3":[34],"treatments,":[35],"with":[36,113,144,154,247,280],"three":[37],"replicates":[38],"each.":[39],"Treatment":[40],"groups":[41,170,182,190,303],"had":[42,191],"a":[43,78],"different":[44],"level":[45,151],"allicin":[47],"(Garlen\u00ae),":[48],"(1":[49],"2":[51],"gm.":[52],"/kg":[53],"feed)":[54],"added":[55],"their":[57],"diets;":[58],"control":[60,105,173,185,197,206],"group":[61,101,198,207],"diet":[62],"was":[63],"free":[64],"from":[65,98,103],"garlic.":[66],"Diets":[67],"also":[68,164],"contained":[69],"25%":[70],"crude":[71],"protein":[72,160],"(CP)":[73],"administered":[76],"at":[77],"rate":[79,194],"3%":[81],"live":[82],"body":[83],"weight":[84],"twice":[85],"daily":[86],"for":[87],"8":[88],"weeks.":[89,188],"At":[90],"end":[92],"7th":[94],"week":[95],"ten":[96],"fish":[97],"each":[99],"treatment":[100],"artificially":[107],"infected":[108],"by":[109,249],"intra":[110],"peritoneal":[111],"injection":[112],"0.2":[114],"ml":[115],"culture":[117],"suspension":[118],"pathogenic":[120],"Vibrio":[121],"alginolyticus":[122],"previously":[123],"adjusted":[124],"104.Results":[126],"showed":[127],"that":[128],"differential":[130],"leucocytic":[131],"count,":[132],"phagocytic":[133,135],"activity,":[134],"index,":[136],"serum":[137],"lysozomal":[138],"bactericidal":[140],"activity":[141],"increased":[142,165],"significantly":[143,153,166,179],"increasing":[145,155],"levels":[146,156],"allicin.":[148,158],"Plasma":[149],"Cortisol":[150],"decreased":[152,178],"Total":[159],"globulin":[162],"in":[167,180,186,210,241,251,268,291,299,302],"treated":[169,181],"than":[171,183,195],"group.":[174],"All":[175],"bacterial":[176],"counts":[177],"all":[187,300],"Treated":[189],"lower":[192],"mortality":[193],"during":[199],"challenge":[201],"test.":[202],"Histopathological":[203],"revealed":[208],"congestion":[209],"blood":[211,255],"vessel":[212],"gills,":[214,242],"liver,":[215,252],"spleen":[216,269],"kidney":[218],"with,":[219],"hyperplasia":[220],"epithelial":[222],"cells":[223],"between":[224],"secondary":[225,239],"lamellae":[226,240],"led":[227],"fusion,":[229],"edema":[231],"lifting":[233],"lamellar":[236],"epithelium":[237],"vacuolar":[243],"degeneration":[244],"hepatocytes,":[246],"infiltration":[248],"monocytes":[250],"dilation":[253],"vessel,":[256],"severe":[257],"depletion":[258],"white":[260],"bulb":[261],",edema,":[262],"hyperactivation":[264],"melanomacrophage":[266],"center":[267],",necrosis":[270],"renal":[272,277],"tubules":[273],"epithelium,":[274],"inter":[276],"haemopoietic":[278],"tissues":[279],"atrophied":[281],"glomerular":[282],"tuft":[284],"widening":[286],"bowman":[289],"capsules":[290],"kidney.":[292],"Moderate":[293],"minimal":[295],"changes":[297],"appeared":[298],"organs":[301],"received":[304],"(Garlen\u00ae)":[305],"according":[306],"its":[308],"dose.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
