{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116782425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00942234","title":"Further explorations in empowerment theory: An empirical analysis of psychological empowerment","display_name":"Further explorations in empowerment theory: An empirical analysis of psychological empowerment","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116782425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00942234","mag":"2116782425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00942234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00942234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00942234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145410213","display_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","issn_l":"0091-0562","issn":["0091-0562","1573-2770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1007/BF01312604","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040750576","display_name":"Marc A. Zimmerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-4259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-4259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc A. Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public HealthUniversity of Michigan\n48109-2029\nAnn ArborMichigan","Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public HealthUniversity of Michigan\n48109-2029\nAnn ArborMichigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062514293","display_name":"Barbara A. Israel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara A. Israel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public HealthUniversity of Michigan\n48109-2029\nAnn ArborMichigan","Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public HealthUniversity of Michigan\n48109-2029\nAnn ArborMichigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019792741","display_name":"Amy Jo Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-3906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-3906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public HealthUniversity of Michigan\n48109-2029\nAnn ArborMichigan","Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public HealthUniversity of Michigan\n48109-2029\nAnn ArborMichigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085765784","display_name":"Barry N. Checkoway","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry Checkoway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public HealthUniversity of Michigan\n48109-2029\nAnn ArborMichigan","Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public HealthUniversity of Michigan\n48109-2029\nAnn ArborMichigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040750576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":3620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3620},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.6527,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":477,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99239895,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"707","last_page":"727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12196","display_name":"Community Health and Development","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12196","display_name":"Community Health and Development","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11239","display_name":"Social Capital and Networks","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13502","display_name":"Community and Sustainable Development","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empowerment-theory","display_name":"empowerment theory","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-empowerment","display_name":"psychological empowerment","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-control","display_name":"perceived control","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-participation","display_name":"citizen participation","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-organizations","display_name":"community organizations","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empowerment-interventions","display_name":"empowerment interventions","score":0.4749999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153721897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3436149","display_name":"Intrapersonal communication","level":3,"score":0.9630862474441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.8429359197616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6968493461608887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155164915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403186","display_name":"Health psychology","level":3,"score":0.6446044445037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5886145830154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157264169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1500547","display_name":"Community psychology","level":2,"score":0.5294320583343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.3367701768875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3240933418273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2362280786037445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10432422161102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08605894446372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00942234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00942234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00942234","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145410213","display_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","issn_l":"0091-0562","issn":["0091-0562","1573-2770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01312604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01312604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01312604","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1007/BF01312604","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145410213","display_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","issn_l":"0091-0562","issn":["0091-0562","1573-2770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/116954","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116954","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/116954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/44041","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/44041","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/44041","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01312604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01312604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01312604","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1007/BF01312604","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145410213","display_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","issn_l":"0091-0562","issn":["0091-0562","1573-2770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Community Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2116782425.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2116782425.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575347202","https://openalex.org/W646304336","https://openalex.org/W1480870193","https://openalex.org/W1597018565","https://openalex.org/W1872945244","https://openalex.org/W1969062436","https://openalex.org/W1982199538","https://openalex.org/W2003410329","https://openalex.org/W2015327550","https://openalex.org/W2030122043","https://openalex.org/W2042912884","https://openalex.org/W2043575128","https://openalex.org/W2045820520","https://openalex.org/W2057469014","https://openalex.org/W2058753054","https://openalex.org/W2064092984","https://openalex.org/W2064134063","https://openalex.org/W2068755764","https://openalex.org/W2070283890","https://openalex.org/W2079965411","https://openalex.org/W2087062399","https://openalex.org/W2110467271","https://openalex.org/W2128194914","https://openalex.org/W2128884976","https://openalex.org/W2143360719","https://openalex.org/W2267889159","https://openalex.org/W2283211913","https://openalex.org/W2312410472","https://openalex.org/W2322611872","https://openalex.org/W4244023744","https://openalex.org/W4297691839","https://openalex.org/W4298246124","https://openalex.org/W4300985387","https://openalex.org/W6635779390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7074610239","https://openalex.org/W2049073336","https://openalex.org/W2087062399","https://openalex.org/W2138280142","https://openalex.org/W2052592971","https://openalex.org/W2134105183","https://openalex.org/W2125791383","https://openalex.org/W1544062629","https://openalex.org/W2166194889","https://openalex.org/W1989231041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Developed":[1],"empowerment":[2,22,33,108,131,141],"theory":[3,142],"and":[4,11,38,48,52,92,102,115,143],"replicated":[5],"previous":[6],"research":[7,25],"on":[8],"citizen":[9],"participation":[10,88,116,119],"perceived":[12,67],"control.":[13],"Few":[14],"investigators":[15],"have":[16],"designed":[17],"studies":[18],"that":[19,34,58,62,118],"specifically":[20],"test":[21],"theory.":[23,109],"This":[24],"further":[26],"extends":[27],"a":[28,43],"theoretical":[29],"model":[30],"of":[31,66,76,87,129],"psychological":[32,77,130],"includes":[35],"intrapersonal,":[36],"interactional,":[37],"behavioral":[39,103],"components,":[40],"by":[41,84],"studying":[42],"large":[44],"randomly":[45],"selected":[46],"urban":[47],"suburban":[49],"community":[50,90],"sample":[51],"examining":[53],"race":[54,113],"differences.":[55],"Results":[56],"suggest":[57,117],"one":[59],"underlying":[60],"dimension":[61],"combines":[63],"different":[64],"measures":[65],"control":[68],"may":[69,120],"be":[70,121],"interpreted":[71],"as":[72],"the":[73,100,126],"intrapersonal":[74,101,127],"component":[75,128],"empowerment,":[78],"because":[79],"it":[80],"distinguishes":[81],"groups":[82,114],"defined":[83],"their":[85],"level":[86],"in":[89],"organizations":[91],"activities":[93],"(behavioral":[94],"component).":[95],"The":[96],"association":[97],"found":[98],"between":[99,112],"components":[104],"is":[105],"consistent":[106],"with":[107,125],"Interaction":[110],"effects":[111],"more":[122],"strongly":[123],"associated":[124],"for":[132,136,140],"African":[133],"Americans":[134],"than":[135],"white":[137],"individuals.":[138],"Implications":[139],"intervention":[144],"design":[145],"are":[146],"discussed.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
