{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116709261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ts.215","title":"Changes in the thiamine and riboflavin contents of rice during artisanal parboiling in Ghana","display_name":"Changes in the thiamine and riboflavin contents of rice during artisanal parboiling in Ghana","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116709261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ts.215","mag":"2116709261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ts.215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ts.215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ts.215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15848798","display_name":"Tropical Science","issn_l":"0041-3291","issn":["0041-3291","1556-9179"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109221617","display_name":"JT Manful","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137126","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad6kn10","country_code":"GH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JT Manful","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food Research Institute (CSIR), PO Box M.20, Accra, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food Research Institute (CSIR), PO Box M.20, Accra, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020588913","display_name":"A. A. Swetman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AA Swetman","raw_affiliation_strings":["28 Watermans Ways Greenhithe, Kent, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"28 Watermans Ways Greenhithe, Kent, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111910086","display_name":"R. D. Coker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162782","display_name":"Natural Resources Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05t3n1398","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RD Coker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162782","https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012198276","display_name":"A Drunis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Drunis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lynton Analytical Development Co. Ltd, Rutherford Business Park, Marley Lane, Battle, East Sussex, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lynton Analytical Development Co. Ltd, Rutherford Business Park, Marley Lane, Battle, East Sussex, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109221617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137126"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25844774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"4","first_page":"211","last_page":"217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10140","display_name":"Food composition and properties","score":0.5127000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10140","display_name":"Food composition and properties","score":0.5127000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12494","display_name":"Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency","score":0.25119999051094055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.20509999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parboiling","display_name":"parboiling","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice","display_name":"rice","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thiamine","display_name":"thiamine","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/riboflavin","display_name":"riboflavin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-loss","display_name":"vitamin loss","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soaking-temperature","display_name":"soaking temperature","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steaming-time","display_name":"steaming time","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghana","display_name":"Ghana","score":0.6759999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915299","display_name":"Parboiling","level":2,"score":0.9943670034408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779023244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415859","display_name":"Steaming","level":2,"score":0.9509488940238953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776203871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83187","display_name":"Thiamine","level":2,"score":0.9160548448562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776155809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130365","display_name":"Riboflavin","level":2,"score":0.8918898105621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5989253520965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5816217660903931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.37482041120529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.21287801861763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11479634046554565}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ts.215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ts.215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ts.215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15848798","display_name":"Tropical Science","issn_l":"0041-3291","issn":["0041-3291","1556-9179"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616920926","https://openalex.org/W1934214793","https://openalex.org/W1967594120","https://openalex.org/W2056072604","https://openalex.org/W2073772366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092611724","https://openalex.org/W1978730424","https://openalex.org/W2781502437","https://openalex.org/W2435551465","https://openalex.org/W4239630035","https://openalex.org/W2588953527","https://openalex.org/W2034056576","https://openalex.org/W2549713164","https://openalex.org/W7155569381","https://openalex.org/W2212559314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Rice":[1],"samples":[2,52],"mildly":[3],"parboiled":[4,50,156],"at":[5,64,73,106,128,138,185],"various":[6],"combinations":[7],"of":[8,34,38,44,49,112,118,163,169,182],"soaking":[9,62,72,89,105,187],"temperatures":[10],"and":[11,19,28,66,75,95,140,145],"steaming":[12,67,76],"times":[13],"were":[14],"analysed":[15],"for":[16,68,77,101,142],"their":[17],"thiamine":[18,47,86,110],"riboflavin":[20,119,161,172],"contents.":[21],"The":[22,46,116,154],"relative":[23],"parboiling":[24,56,149,175],"index":[25],"was":[26,58,81,91,99,136,151,176],"calculated":[27],"this":[29],"provided":[30],"a":[31,82,109,160],"reliable":[32],"measure":[33],"the":[35,42,88,96,133,183],"overall":[36],"effects":[37],"different":[39],"conditions":[40],"on":[41],"degree":[43],"parboiling.":[45],"content":[48,111,162],"rice":[51,157],"increased":[53,59,92,122,152],"gradually":[54],"as":[55,148],"intensity":[57,150],"from":[60],"initial":[61],"temperature":[63,90],"30\u00b0C":[65],"4":[69],"min":[70,103],"to":[71,93,179],"70\u00b0C":[74,139],"12":[78,102,143],"min.":[79],"There":[80],"sharper":[83],"rise":[84],"in":[85,132,171],"when":[87],"90\u00b0C,":[94],"sample":[97,134,158],"that":[98,135],"steamed":[100,141],"after":[104],"90\u00b0C":[107],"had":[108,159],"0.612":[113],"\u00b5g":[114,130,165],"g\u22121.":[115,166],"level":[117],"also":[120],"initially":[121],"with":[123,174],"parboiling,":[124],"but":[125],"it":[126],"peaked":[127],"0.278":[129],"g\u22121":[131],"soaked":[137],"min,":[144],"then":[146],"decreased":[147],"further.":[153],"commercially":[155],"0.206":[164],"This":[167],"pattern":[168],"change":[170],"levels":[173],"probably":[177],"due":[178],"thermal":[180],"breakdown":[181],"vitamin":[184],"higher":[186],"temperature.":[188],"Copyright":[189],"\u00a9":[190],"2008":[191],"John":[192],"Wiley":[193],"&":[194],"Sons,":[195],"Ltd":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}