{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116625412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","title":"Analysis of Cost and Utilization of Health Care Services Before and After Initiation of Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","display_name":"Analysis of Cost and Utilization of Health Care Services Before and After Initiation of Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116625412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","mag":"2116625412","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14613449","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10437265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","pdf_url":"https://www.jmcp.org/doi/pdf/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40961437","display_name":"Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy","issn_l":"1083-4087","issn":["1083-4087","1944-706X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4363609268","host_organization_name":"Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4363609268"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.jmcp.org/doi/pdf/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111814283","display_name":"Michael Rosenblum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Rosenblum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrail, 23 British American Blvd, Latham, NY 12110, USA. rosenblumm@integrail.com","Integrail, 23 British American Blvd, Latham, NY 12110, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrail, 23 British American Blvd, Latham, NY 12110, USA. rosenblumm@integrail.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrail, 23 British American Blvd, Latham, NY 12110, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038468673","display_name":"Michael P. Kane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-8651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-8651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I365282","display_name":"Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/014hfaw95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I365282"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100046","display_name":"Integra (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00ynqbp15","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael P. Kane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, New York","Chief Operating Officer, Integrail, 23 British American Blvd., Latham, NY 12110"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I365282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chief Operating Officer, Integrail, 23 British American Blvd., Latham, NY 12110","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9545,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75791221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"309","last_page":"316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.92330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.92330002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.02239999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-therapy","display_name":"insulin therapy","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization","display_name":"health care utilization","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacy-costs","display_name":"pharmacy costs","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facility-costs","display_name":"facility costs","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managed-care","display_name":"managed care","score":0.8479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9220821857452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.7297365069389343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.682826578617096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6191047430038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5125589370727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.4838067889213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4572337567806244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.424777090549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.39195698499679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3713877499103546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3560484051704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.25199413299560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.22568881511688232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003365","descriptor_name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006296","descriptor_name":"Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006296","descriptor_name":"Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","pdf_url":"https://www.jmcp.org/doi/pdf/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40961437","display_name":"Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy","issn_l":"1083-4087","issn":["1083-4087","1944-706X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4363609268","host_organization_name":"Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4363609268"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10437265","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10437265","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10437265/pdf/jmcp.2003.9.4.309.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Manag Care Pharm","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:14613449","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14613449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of managed care pharmacy : JMCP","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.619.9837","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.619.9837","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.amcp.org/data/jmcp/Research-309-316.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","pdf_url":"https://www.jmcp.org/doi/pdf/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40961437","display_name":"Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy","issn_l":"1083-4087","issn":["1083-4087","1944-706X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4363609268","host_organization_name":"Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4363609268"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","display_name":"Pfizer","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2116625412.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2116625412.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520227503","https://openalex.org/W1971493468","https://openalex.org/W1975588287","https://openalex.org/W1976787772","https://openalex.org/W1986155113","https://openalex.org/W1996441843","https://openalex.org/W2013339698","https://openalex.org/W2023046312","https://openalex.org/W2026279732","https://openalex.org/W2036939737","https://openalex.org/W2039793303","https://openalex.org/W2058098807","https://openalex.org/W2096773810","https://openalex.org/W2100714796","https://openalex.org/W2104888919","https://openalex.org/W2126115073","https://openalex.org/W2140937253","https://openalex.org/W2728246628","https://openalex.org/W2944448728","https://openalex.org/W3122152400","https://openalex.org/W4237633454","https://openalex.org/W4254937077","https://openalex.org/W6678797941","https://openalex.org/W7047394103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097712028","https://openalex.org/W2555217081","https://openalex.org/W1984328751","https://openalex.org/W1981152283","https://openalex.org/W2082835199","https://openalex.org/W2074616054","https://openalex.org/W2298907158","https://openalex.org/W1910578133","https://openalex.org/W2118479975","https://openalex.org/W2546661570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"analyzed":[3],"the":[4,15,53,81,89,114,138,186,190,196,218,221,237,244,255,265,291,313],"cost":[5,124,187],"and":[6,13,32,57,60,72,85,91,127,142,150,171,206,213,315],"utilization":[7],"of":[8,17,55,101,104,125,137,162,185,192,220,254,272,287,293],"health":[9,34,304,322],"care":[10,35,66,305,323],"services":[11,87,129,248],"before":[12,71],"after":[14,38,73,154,189,201],"initiation":[16,286],"insulin":[18,43,75,155,193,288,328],"in":[19,63,80,88,195,257,264,290,302,319],"treating":[20,258],"patients":[21,39,47,259],"with":[22,48,98,158,260],"type":[23,49,261,294],"2":[24,50,262,295],"diabetes":[25],"mellitus":[26],"(DM)":[27],"to":[28,241,276,282],"determine":[29],"if":[30],"disease-related":[31,128,151,177,207],"total":[33,126,139,149,169,204,303,321],"costs":[36,152,170,205,208,226,235,256,273],"decreased":[37,209,227],"were":[40,78,95,130,236],"started":[41],"on":[42],"therapy.":[44],"METHODS:":[45],"1177":[46],"DM":[51,263,296],"between":[52],"ages":[54],"18":[56],"65":[58],"years":[59],"continuously":[61],"enrolled":[62],"a":[64,99,159,251],"managed":[65],"organization":[67],"for":[68,167,176,250],"9":[69,325],"months":[70,280,326],"their":[74],"start":[76,191],"date":[77],"included":[79],"study.":[82],"Medical,":[83],"facility,":[84],"pharmaceutical":[86],"preinsulin":[90,141,245],"postinsulin":[92,115,144,199,222,230,266,279],"time":[93,116,223,267],"period":[94,117],"examined":[96],"along":[97],"subanalysis":[100],"all":[102,229],"types":[103],"medical":[105],"service":[106],"categories.":[107],"Trending":[108,179],"analysis":[109],"was":[110,156],"performed":[111],"by":[112,210,312],"dividing":[113],"into":[118],"mutually":[119],"exclusive":[120],"2-month":[121,198],"periods.":[122],"The":[123,285],"studied":[131],"over":[132],"these":[133],"intervals.":[134],"RESULTS:":[135],"Analysis":[136],"9-month":[140,143],"periods":[145],"determined":[146],"that":[147,183],"average":[148,168],"increased":[153],"started,":[157],"mean":[160],"difference":[161],"US":[163,172],"dollars":[164,173],"2220":[165],"(P<0.001)":[166,175,212],"430":[174],"costs.":[178],"analysis,":[180],"though,":[181],"demonstrated":[182],"much":[184],"increase":[188,301],"occurred":[194],"initial":[197],"period,":[200,268],"which":[202],"both":[203],"57%":[211],"49%":[214],"(P<0.001),":[215],"respectively,":[216],"throughout":[217],"remainder":[219],"period.":[224,246],"Facility":[225],"at":[228,274,278],"measurement":[231],"intervals,":[232],"while":[233],"pharmacy":[234],"only":[238],"treatment":[239],"component":[240],"remain":[242],"above":[243],"Pharmacy":[247],"accounted":[249],"greater":[252],"proportion":[253],"increasing":[269],"from":[270],"19.8%":[271],"baseline":[275],"42.8%":[277],"6":[281],"8.":[283],"CONCLUSION:":[284],"therapy":[289],"management":[292],"involves":[297],"an":[298],"approximate":[299],"10%":[300],"expenditures":[306,324],"initially,":[307],"although":[308],"this":[309],"is":[310],"offset":[311],"consistent":[314],"substantial":[316],"40%":[317],"decrease":[318],"subsequent":[320],"following":[327],"initiation.":[329]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
