{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116575845","doi":null,"title":"Aflatoxins as risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.","display_name":"Aflatoxins as risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116575845","mag":"2116575845","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1311989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:1311989","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1311989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034401273","display_name":"Gerald N. Wogan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G N Wogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Toxicology, Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Toxicology, Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034401273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9353,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":279,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96157589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"7 Suppl","first_page":"2114s","last_page":"2118s"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10520","display_name":"Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10520","display_name":"Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10433","display_name":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aflatoxins","display_name":"aflatoxins","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"hepatocellular carcinoma","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-liver-cancer","display_name":"primary liver cancer","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-carcinogens","display_name":"liver carcinogens","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycotoxins","display_name":"mycotoxins","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sterigmatocystin","display_name":"sterigmatocystin","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fumonisins","display_name":"fumonisins","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-b-virus","display_name":"hepatitis B virus","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-contamination","display_name":"food contamination","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-damage","display_name":"genetic damage","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-etiology","display_name":"cancer etiology","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-risk-factors","display_name":"environmental risk factors","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40758303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212936","display_name":"Aflatoxin","level":2,"score":0.7441816926002502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114246631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187661","display_name":"Carcinogen","level":2,"score":0.7230916619300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.6820613145828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5111508965492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5072321891784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776231280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623031","display_name":"Liver cancer","level":3,"score":0.4608973562717438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4586624205112457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.43370622396469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37739142775535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.37386804819107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.35384148359298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2434295117855072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22233980894088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.17591515183448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.14877426624298096}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003062","descriptor_name":"Codon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004273","descriptor_name":"DNA, Neoplasm","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006509","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis B","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011905","descriptor_name":"Genes, ras","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012709","descriptor_name":"Serum Albumin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016604","descriptor_name":"Aflatoxin B1","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016604","descriptor_name":"Aflatoxin B1","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016604","descriptor_name":"Aflatoxin B1","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:1311989","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1311989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2116575845","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1311989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8661229465","display_name":"STUDY OF FOOD-BORNE ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS","funder_award_id":"P01ES000597","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67343012","https://openalex.org/W1562701145","https://openalex.org/W1973165481","https://openalex.org/W1979826300","https://openalex.org/W2038943953","https://openalex.org/W2054554443","https://openalex.org/W2091110129","https://openalex.org/W2097926865","https://openalex.org/W2113162764","https://openalex.org/W2126284695","https://openalex.org/W2409495490","https://openalex.org/W2413423266","https://openalex.org/W2418151270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069212214","https://openalex.org/W2470607682","https://openalex.org/W2773847489","https://openalex.org/W2112012784","https://openalex.org/W2409042100","https://openalex.org/W151891916","https://openalex.org/W2010518854","https://openalex.org/W157198385","https://openalex.org/W1549678458","https://openalex.org/W2035876220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"a":[1,9,57,123,172],"global":[2],"basis,":[3],"primary":[4],"liver":[5,68,120,145],"cancer":[6,69],"(PLC)":[7],"is":[8,78,150,212],"very":[10],"prevalent":[11],"form":[12],"of":[13,17,23,29,38,49,84,105,126,146,192,213,231,241,261,267,270,274,281,285],"cancer.":[14],"Wide":[15],"variation":[16],"PLC":[18,180,211],"incidence":[19],"in":[20,32,70,166,224,258,289],"different":[21,290],"areas":[22],"the":[24,27,47,52,106,144,162,259,268,271,282],"world":[25],"suggests":[26,209],"involvement":[28,91],"environmental":[30],"factors":[31,40,94],"its":[33],"etiology.":[34],"Two":[35],"major":[36,58],"classes":[37,230],"risk":[39,59,93,232],"have":[41,170],"been":[42,100],"identified.":[43],"Extensive":[44],"evidence":[45,187,207],"indicates":[46],"importance":[48,284],"infection":[50],"by":[51,252],"hepatitis":[53,244],"B":[54,245],"virus":[55,246],"as":[56,92,112,119,194],"factor":[60],"for":[61,95,122,143,201],"PLC.":[62,96],"Because":[63],"many":[64],"organic":[65],"chemicals":[66],"induce":[67],"experimental":[71,127,184],"animals,":[72,128,147],"those":[73],"to":[74,80,88,155,190,198,228,279],"which":[75,109],"human":[76,153,195],"exposure":[77,154],"known":[79,151],"occur":[81,111],"are":[82,139,255],"also":[83,138],"interest":[85],"with":[86,108,116,216],"respect":[87],"their":[89,117],"possible":[90],"Particular":[97],"emphasis":[98],"has":[99,188],"placed":[101],"on":[102],"aflatoxins":[103,193],"because":[104],"frequency":[107],"they":[110],"food":[113],"contaminants,":[114],"together":[115],"potency":[118],"carcinogens":[121,142,196],"large":[124],"number":[125],"including":[129],"subhuman":[130],"primates.":[131],"Other":[132],"mycotoxins,":[133],"notably":[134],"sterigmatocystin":[135],"and":[136,168,179,185,221,248,263],"fumonisin,":[137],"relatively":[140],"potent":[141],"but":[148],"little":[149],"about":[152],"them.":[156],"Epidemiological":[157],"surveys":[158],"carried":[159],"out":[160],"over":[161],"past":[163],"25":[164],"years":[165],"Asia":[167],"Africa":[169],"revealed":[171],"strong":[173],"statistical":[174],"association":[175],"between":[176,219],"aflatoxin":[177,242],"ingestion":[178],"incidence.":[181],"The":[182],"combined":[183],"epidemiological":[186,265],"led":[189],"designation":[191],"according":[197],"International":[199],"Agency":[200],"Cancer":[202],"Research":[203],"criteria.":[204],"Collectively,":[205],"current":[206],"strongly":[208],"that":[210,237],"multifactorial":[214],"origin,":[215],"probable":[217],"interactions":[218],"viral":[220],"chemical":[222],"agents":[223,254,288],"populations":[225],"concurrently":[226],"exposed":[227],"both":[229],"factors.":[233],"Recently":[234],"developed":[235],"methods":[236],"permit":[238],"individual":[239],"monitoring":[240],"exposure,":[243],"infection,":[247],"genetic":[249],"damage":[250],"caused":[251],"these":[253],"being":[256],"applied":[257],"design":[260],"molecular":[262],"biochemical":[264],"studies":[266],"etiology":[269],"disease.":[272],"Application":[273],"this":[275],"methodology":[276],"may":[277],"contribute":[278],"elucidation":[280],"relative":[283],"interacting":[286],"etiological":[287],"populations.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
