{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116402971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301355","title":"Defining the Environment in Gene\u2013Environment Research: Lessons From Social Epidemiology","display_name":"Defining the Environment in Gene\u2013Environment Research: Lessons From Social Epidemiology","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116402971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301355","mag":"2116402971","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23927514","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3786759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168049282","display_name":"American Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0090-0036","issn":["0090-0036","0271-4353","1541-0048","2330-9687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320277","host_organization_name":"American Public Health Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Public Health Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3786759","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jason D. Boardman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason D. Boardman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jason D. Boardman is with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder. Jonathan Daw is with the Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder. Jeremy Freese is with the Institute for Policy Research and Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jason D. Boardman is with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder. Jonathan Daw is with the Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder. Jeremy Freese is with the Institute for Policy Research and Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018186823","display_name":"Jonathan Daw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-4518","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-4518"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Daw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jason D. Boardman is with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder. Jonathan Daw is with the Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder. Jeremy Freese is with the Institute for Policy Research and Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jason D. Boardman is with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder. Jonathan Daw is with the Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder. Jeremy Freese is with the Institute for Policy Research and Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081711064","display_name":"Jeremy Freese A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-6432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-6432"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Freese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jason D. Boardman is with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder. Jonathan Daw is with the Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder. Jeremy Freese is with the Institute for Policy Research and Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jason D. Boardman is with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder. Jonathan Daw is with the Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and with the Institute of Behavioral Science and the Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder. Jeremy Freese is with the Institute for Policy Research and Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5146,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9629245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"103","issue":"S1","first_page":"S64","last_page":"S72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.3781999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.3781999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.2754000127315521,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.11159999668598175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-environment-interaction","display_name":"gene-environment interaction","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-environment","display_name":"social environment","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-epidemiology","display_name":"social epidemiology","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-models","display_name":"multilevel models","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighborhood-effects","display_name":"neighborhood effects","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-effects","display_name":"school influence","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-organization","display_name":"social organization","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-information","display_name":"genetic information","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-outcomes","display_name":"health outcomes","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5777194499969482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5740571618080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5069663524627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177860879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532897","display_name":"Genetic epidemiology","level":3,"score":0.48076125979423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29719523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551096","display_name":"Social epidemiology","level":4,"score":0.4442417025566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110379092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571836","display_name":"Social environment","level":2,"score":0.4353221654891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4253998398780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3741089403629303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3208587169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.27682340145111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.25932708382606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18285149335861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.10435077548027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012931","descriptor_name":"Social Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015981","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036281","descriptor_name":"Genetic Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059647","descriptor_name":"Gene-Environment Interaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168049282","display_name":"American Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0090-0036","issn":["0090-0036","0271-4353","1541-0048","2330-9687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320277","host_organization_name":"American Public Health Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Public Health Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3786759","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3786759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23927514","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23927514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2188894938","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301355","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3786759","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3786759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G243404832","display_name":"University of Colorado Population Center","funder_award_id":"P2CHD066613","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3369335097","display_name":"Genetic Risk, Pathways to Adulthood, and Health Inequalities","funder_award_id":"R01HD061622","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6678034717","display_name":"Add Health: A Genotype and Phenotype Resource for the Global Scientific Community","funder_award_id":"R01HD073342","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6972052786","display_name":"Research Training - Developmental Behavioral Genetics","funder_award_id":"T32HD007289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G766907516","display_name":"Social Demographic Moderation of Genome Wide Associations for Body Mass Index","funder_award_id":"R01HD060726","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8956220366","display_name":"The University of Colorado Population Center","funder_award_id":"R24HD066613","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332167","display_name":"Directorate for Biological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/001xhss06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00baak391"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164281945","https://openalex.org/W608394325","https://openalex.org/W1603496312","https://openalex.org/W1716493451","https://openalex.org/W1964897221","https://openalex.org/W1965048700","https://openalex.org/W1974463845","https://openalex.org/W1977005770","https://openalex.org/W1981782910","https://openalex.org/W1984212619","https://openalex.org/W1986093314","https://openalex.org/W1991940877","https://openalex.org/W1991989302","https://openalex.org/W1994434576","https://openalex.org/W1999443590","https://openalex.org/W2000170774","https://openalex.org/W2002267074","https://openalex.org/W2004729678","https://openalex.org/W2011010620","https://openalex.org/W2021311272","https://openalex.org/W2023673066","https://openalex.org/W2025109595","https://openalex.org/W2026182357","https://openalex.org/W2031673474","https://openalex.org/W2034232242","https://openalex.org/W2035969852","https://openalex.org/W2042170262","https://openalex.org/W2045352276","https://openalex.org/W2065531940","https://openalex.org/W2069652233","https://openalex.org/W2071667057","https://openalex.org/W2078905688","https://openalex.org/W2079063838","https://openalex.org/W2082107925","https://openalex.org/W2085491458","https://openalex.org/W2087414280","https://openalex.org/W2088842558","https://openalex.org/W2092466091","https://openalex.org/W2097074714","https://openalex.org/W2097075631","https://openalex.org/W2097911071","https://openalex.org/W2098545747","https://openalex.org/W2099950571","https://openalex.org/W2100274378","https://openalex.org/W2100881949","https://openalex.org/W2101735548","https://openalex.org/W2103768332","https://openalex.org/W2104580418","https://openalex.org/W2105719520","https://openalex.org/W2106915081","https://openalex.org/W2107345674","https://openalex.org/W2107968130","https://openalex.org/W2109821443","https://openalex.org/W2111628008","https://openalex.org/W2113343964","https://openalex.org/W2115059495","https://openalex.org/W2115270117","https://openalex.org/W2118037240","https://openalex.org/W2118320202","https://openalex.org/W2119682159","https://openalex.org/W2120483845","https://openalex.org/W2121488984","https://openalex.org/W2122246853","https://openalex.org/W2123722790","https://openalex.org/W2125925177","https://openalex.org/W2130139195","https://openalex.org/W2131202874","https://openalex.org/W2134070988","https://openalex.org/W2135077055","https://openalex.org/W2136283090","https://openalex.org/W2138307882","https://openalex.org/W2144875296","https://openalex.org/W2145146696","https://openalex.org/W2146702539","https://openalex.org/W2147329075","https://openalex.org/W2148929755","https://openalex.org/W2149766492","https://openalex.org/W2150978655","https://openalex.org/W2151955343","https://openalex.org/W2152729861","https://openalex.org/W2153190846","https://openalex.org/W2157325805","https://openalex.org/W2157361982","https://openalex.org/W2157752701","https://openalex.org/W2160403379","https://openalex.org/W2162196924","https://openalex.org/W2162574600","https://openalex.org/W2165590461","https://openalex.org/W2171097731","https://openalex.org/W2274540244","https://openalex.org/W2918007204","https://openalex.org/W2965897471","https://openalex.org/W3121934984","https://openalex.org/W3123534837","https://openalex.org/W4245198606","https://openalex.org/W4388366661","https://openalex.org/W4388366817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1800204492","https://openalex.org/W2734402041","https://openalex.org/W2027769788","https://openalex.org/W7098297985","https://openalex.org/W4399072232","https://openalex.org/W2069652233","https://openalex.org/W2162676909","https://openalex.org/W2128961983","https://openalex.org/W2121624110","https://openalex.org/W7096789834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,48],"article,":[2],"we":[3],"make":[4],"the":[5,16,26,45,88,110,113,119],"case":[6],"that":[7,34],"social":[8,56,114],"epidemiology":[9,115],"provides":[10],"a":[11,29],"useful":[12],"framework":[13,33],"to":[14,86,108],"define":[15],"environment":[17,27],"within":[18],"gene-environment":[19],"(G":[20],"\u00d7":[21,69,78,105],"E)":[22],"research.":[23,71],"We":[24,42,72,98],"describe":[25],"in":[28,103],"multilevel,":[30],"multidomain,":[31],"longitudinal":[32],"accounts":[35],"for":[36],"upstream":[37],"processes":[38],"influencing":[39],"health":[40,84],"outcomes.":[41],"then":[43],"illustrate":[44],"utility":[46],"of":[47,55,67,76,90,112],"approach":[49],"by":[50],"describing":[51],"how":[52],"intermediate":[53],"levels":[54],"organization,":[57],"such":[58],"as":[59],"neighborhoods":[60],"or":[61],"schools,":[62],"are":[63],"key":[64],"environmental":[65],"components":[66],"G":[68,77,104],"E":[70,79,106],"discuss":[73],"different":[74],"models":[75],"research":[80],"and":[81],"encourage":[82,100],"public":[83],"researchers":[85,101],"consider":[87,109],"value":[89],"including":[91],"genetic":[92],"information":[93],"from":[94],"their":[95],"study":[96],"participants.":[97],"also":[99],"interested":[102],"interplay":[107],"merits":[111],"model":[116],"when":[117],"defining":[118],"environment.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
