{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115902582","doi":null,"title":"Recurrent selection for drought tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L. and study of heterotic patterns of maize populations from Eastern Kenya.","display_name":"Recurrent selection for drought tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L. and study of heterotic patterns of maize populations from Eastern Kenya.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115902582","mag":"2115902582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.ukzn.ac.za:10413/2163","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2163","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2163","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402416","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","host_organization_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2163","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079951673","display_name":"Philip Leley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip Leley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079951673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11229","display_name":"Genetics and Plant Breeding","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13628","display_name":"Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement","score":0.018400000408291817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought-tolerance","display_name":"drought tolerance","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-selection","display_name":"recurrent selection","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterotic-groups","display_name":"heterotic groups","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-landraces","display_name":"maize landraces","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmers-perceptions","display_name":"farmer perceptions","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stay-green","display_name":"stay-green","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participatory-rural-appraisal","display_name":"participatory rural appraisal","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-recycling","display_name":"seed recycling","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybridization-potential","display_name":"hybridization potential","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landrace-classification","display_name":"landrace classification","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189797535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12142810","display_name":"Drought tolerance","level":2,"score":0.6317509412765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6081570982933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5739458799362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5038091540336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.500046968460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4691323935985565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781470993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65088775","display_name":"Participatory rural appraisal","level":3,"score":0.4509744346141815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776451879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292038","display_name":"Infestation","level":2,"score":0.43780049681663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48189365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42621","display_name":"Hybrid","level":2,"score":0.41697099804878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.3381953835487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.ukzn.ac.za:10413/2163","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2163","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2163","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402416","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","host_organization_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2115902582","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/bitstream/10413/2163/1/Leley_Philip%20Kipkoech_2007.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.ukzn.ac.za:10413/2163","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2163","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2163","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402416","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","host_organization_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306149","display_name":"Rockefeller Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfkwk85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314468","display_name":"Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/01cmcvq49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329182","display_name":"Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4bm785"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2115902582.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2115902582.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12971209","https://openalex.org/W106152443","https://openalex.org/W173301069","https://openalex.org/W220713983","https://openalex.org/W592561587","https://openalex.org/W622470014","https://openalex.org/W1535702336","https://openalex.org/W1547958468","https://openalex.org/W1548607259","https://openalex.org/W1588018042","https://openalex.org/W1894885513","https://openalex.org/W1942708924","https://openalex.org/W1958266132","https://openalex.org/W1971189185","https://openalex.org/W1974287802","https://openalex.org/W1977536134","https://openalex.org/W1979617251","https://openalex.org/W1986504095","https://openalex.org/W1991181809","https://openalex.org/W1996305777","https://openalex.org/W1997322559","https://openalex.org/W2009975742","https://openalex.org/W2010265013","https://openalex.org/W2012865860","https://openalex.org/W2015228135","https://openalex.org/W2046251591","https://openalex.org/W2051445342","https://openalex.org/W2061660605","https://openalex.org/W2062758899","https://openalex.org/W2075806352","https://openalex.org/W2076545950","https://openalex.org/W2083611731","https://openalex.org/W2087632331","https://openalex.org/W2095276041","https://openalex.org/W2095543539","https://openalex.org/W2101631181","https://openalex.org/W2101924783","https://openalex.org/W2120809756","https://openalex.org/W2121135560","https://openalex.org/W2122155130","https://openalex.org/W2122976988","https://openalex.org/W2127289162","https://openalex.org/W2131047206","https://openalex.org/W2141497581","https://openalex.org/W2159877139","https://openalex.org/W2170050364","https://openalex.org/W2186227446","https://openalex.org/W2279527286","https://openalex.org/W2297875952","https://openalex.org/W2336900302","https://openalex.org/W2340020786","https://openalex.org/W2471596330","https://openalex.org/W2477841669","https://openalex.org/W2502367461","https://openalex.org/W2567410822","https://openalex.org/W2581298193","https://openalex.org/W2621778368","https://openalex.org/W3022930123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103897751","https://openalex.org/W2199731932","https://openalex.org/W3194354155","https://openalex.org/W2009975742","https://openalex.org/W3195497019","https://openalex.org/W205223045","https://openalex.org/W2063498085","https://openalex.org/W910969948","https://openalex.org/W2524780052","https://openalex.org/W7219925774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,6,816],"few":[2],"maize":[3,19,33,63,70,85,147,152,157,172,199,219,258,475,483,490,622,634,724,786],"varieties":[4,148,780,814],"that":[5,35,599,675,794,802],"drought":[7,17,59,67,206,241,287,295,333,370,727,817],"tolerant":[8,18,242],"in":[9,25,29,69,72,99,104,115,201,239,289,317,379,396,419,424,449,459,668,684,701,753,761],"semi-arid":[10,74,105,265,479],"eastern":[11,75,106,266,480],"Kenya":[12,76,267],"and":[13,60,82,101,123,137,149,212,230,252,262,268,274,291,301,332,346,390,398,407,444,454,462,488,509,517,568,646,651,660,690,714,728,777],"farmer":[14,56],"perceptions":[15,57],"of":[16,48,58,110,146,167,203,224,281,294,367,381,435,452,506,522,532,705,744,812],"cultivars":[20],"have":[21,36,798],"not":[22,37,595,617],"been":[23,38,799],"studied":[24,39],"this":[26,30,49],"region.":[27],"Farmers":[28],"region":[31],"use":[32],"landraces":[34,86,476,484,733],"for":[40,62,196,286,447,537,547,553,559,565,572,584,620,630],"their":[41,89,159,732,790,795],"potential":[42],"future":[43],"hybridization.":[44],"The":[45,154,192,215,351,465,520,633,720],"main":[46,721],"objectives":[47],"study":[50,55],"were":[51,113,126,140,205,221,276,297,422,496,581,594,624,637,666,682,699],"therefore":[52],"to:":[53],"(i)":[54],"preference":[61],"varieties,":[64,185],"(ii)":[65],"improve":[66],"tolerance":[68,288,296],"populations":[71,260,271,427,491,495,623,635,650,654,674,689,707,749,763,770],"the":[73,130,133,168,253,416,426,441,478,503,523,529,586,706,729,747,762,784,810],"using":[77,473],"S1":[78,282,450],"family":[79],"recurrent":[80,284,745],"selection,":[81,746],"(iii)":[83],"classify":[84],"according":[87],"to":[88,128,142,151,180,218,278,307,311,467,511,542,545,551,557,563,570,607,723,739,788],"heterotic":[90,469,642,796],"patterns.":[91],"A":[92,108],"participatory":[93],"rural":[94],"appraisal":[95],"(PRA)":[96],"was":[97,315,324,334,353,432,471,526,604,616,726],"conducted":[98],"Machakos":[100],"Makueni":[102],"districts":[103],"Kenya.":[107],"total":[109],"175":[111],"farmers":[112,131,155,169,238,730,803],"involved":[114],"focus":[116],"group":[117,670,685,702],"discussions.":[118],"An":[119],"open":[120],"ended":[121],"questionnaire":[122],"a":[124,198,240,249,328,361,376,433],"checklist":[125],"used":[127,141],"guide":[129],"during":[132,299,348,502,528],"discussion":[134],"sessions.":[135],"Scoring":[136],"ranking":[138],"techniques":[139],"assess":[143],"farmers\u2019":[144,194],"preferences":[145],"constraints":[150,217],"production.":[153],"grew":[156,170,183],"as":[158,327,360,779],"major":[160,216],"crop":[161],"followed":[162],"by":[163,237,339,403],"beans.":[164],"Nearly":[165],"60%":[166],"local":[171],"landraces,":[173],"whose":[174,734],"seed":[175,232,735],"they":[176,736],"recycled":[177,737],"from":[178,264,304,477,485,492,540],"season":[179,738],"season;":[181],"40%":[182],"improved":[184,751,774],"but":[186,457],"mainly":[187,605],"composites":[188],"rather":[189,609],"than":[190,610],"hybrids.":[191],"key":[193],"criteria":[195],"choosing":[197],"variety":[200,243],"order":[202],"importance":[204],"tolerance,":[207],"early":[208],"maturity,":[209],"high":[210,245],"yield,":[211,246,621],"disease":[213],"resistance.":[214],"production":[220,725],"drought,":[222],"lack":[223],"technical":[225],"know-how,":[226],"pests,":[227],"poor":[228],"soils,":[229],"inadequate":[231],"supply.":[233],"Maize":[234],"traits":[235,292],"preferred":[236,731],"included":[244],"recovery":[247],"after":[248],"dry":[250],"spell":[251],"stay":[254],"green":[255],"characteristic.":[256],"Two":[257,672,687],"landrace":[259,649,673,688,748],"MKS":[261,385,453],"KTU":[263,373],"three":[269,489,640],"CIMMYT":[270,653,692],"V032,":[272,429],"ZM423,":[273],"ZM523":[275,463],"subjected":[277],"two":[279,365,512,652,742],"cycles":[280,366,743],"progeny":[283],"selection":[285,313,368,757],"yield":[290,380,401,421,448,538,631],"indicative":[293],"measured":[298],"flowering":[300,345],"grain":[302,349,400,420],"filling":[303],"February":[305],"2005":[306,508],"September":[308],"2007.":[309],"Evaluation":[310],"determine":[312],"gains":[314,418],"done":[316,527],"one":[318,342,669,691],"trial":[319,352],"replicated":[320],"five":[321],"times.":[322],"It":[323],"laid":[325],"out":[326],"4x4":[329],"lattice":[330],"design":[331],"imposed":[335],"at":[336,498],"reproductive":[337],"stage":[338],"withholding":[340],"irrigation":[341],"week":[343],"before":[344],"resumed":[347],"filling.":[350],"repeated":[354],"under":[355,369],"well-watered":[356],"conditions":[357],"which":[358,815],"served":[359],"control":[362],"experiment.":[363],"After":[364,741],"stress":[371],"conditions,":[372,415],"population":[374,386,513,693],"had":[375],"realized":[377,417],"gain":[378],"0.2":[382],"t":[383,388,393,405,409,437],"ha-1,":[384,394,410],"1.2":[387],"ha-1":[389,406],"ZM423":[391,455],"0.4":[392],"whereas":[395],"V032":[397,461],"ZM523,":[399],"reduced":[402],"1.1":[404,558],"0.6":[408],"respectively.":[411],"Under":[412],"well":[413],"watered":[414],"positive":[423],"all":[425,585],"except":[428],"where":[430,764],"there":[431],"reduction":[434],"0.1":[436],"ha-1.":[438],"Selection":[439],"increased":[440],"genetic":[442,765,791],"variability":[443,766],"heritability":[445],"estimates":[446],"lines":[451],"populations,":[456],"decreased":[458],"KTU,":[460],"populations.":[464],"research":[466],"identify":[468],"patterns":[470,797],"undertaken":[472],"ten":[474],"Kenya,":[481,487],"six":[482],"coastal":[486],"CIMMYT.":[493],"These":[494],"planted":[497],"Kiboko":[499],"Research":[500],"Farm":[501],"short":[504],"rains":[505,531],"October-December":[507],"crossed":[510],"testers,":[514],"Embu":[515,518,658,664,712,718],"11":[516,659],"12.":[519],"evaluation":[521],"test":[524],"crosses":[525,603],"long":[530],"March-June":[533],"2006.":[534],"Percentage":[535],"heterosis":[536,629,656,662,678,695,709,716],"ranged":[539],"-17.7%":[541],"397.4%,":[543],"-79.4":[544],"22.2%":[546],"anthesis-silking":[548],"interval,":[549],"-23.9%":[550],"29.2%":[552],"ear":[554,560,566],"height,":[555],"-0.1":[556],"diameter,":[561],"-7.1":[562],"21.2%":[564],"length":[567],"-5.9%":[569],"30.3%":[571],"plant":[573],"height.":[574],"iii":[575],"General":[576],"combining":[577,590],"ability":[578,591],"(GCA)":[579],"effects":[580,593],"significant":[582,596,618],"(p=0.05)":[583],"traits,":[587],"while":[588],"specific":[589],"(SCA)":[592],"(p>0.05),":[597],"implying":[598],"variation":[600],"among":[601],"these":[602,769],"due":[606],"additive":[608],"nonadditive":[611],"gene":[612],"effects.":[613],"Since":[614],"SCA":[615],"(p>0.05)":[619],"classified":[625],"based":[626],"on":[627],"percentage":[628],"alone.":[632],"therefore,":[636],"grouped":[638],"into":[639,783],"different":[641],"groups":[643],"P,":[644],"Q":[645],"R.":[647,703],"Twelve":[648],"showed":[655,676,694,708,750],"with":[657,663,679,696,711,717],"no":[661,677,715],"12":[665,713],"put":[667,683,700],"P.":[671],"either":[680],"tester":[681],"Q.":[686],"both":[697],"testers":[698],"None":[704],"only":[710],"11.":[719],"constraint":[722],"season.":[740],"progress":[752],"yield.":[754],"Thus,":[755],"further":[756,772],"will":[758],"be":[759,773,808],"beneficial":[760],"increased.":[767],"Therefore,":[768],"can":[771],"per":[775],"se":[776],"released":[778],"and/or":[781],"incorporated":[782],"existing":[785],"germplasm":[787],"broaden":[789],"base,":[792],"given":[793],"identified.":[800],"Considering":[801],"recycle":[804],"seed,":[805],"breeding":[806],"should":[807],"towards":[809],"development":[811],"open-pollinated":[813],"tolerant.":[818]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-16T18:09:00.828671","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}