{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115830376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.157.21.2501","title":"Does the Computerized Display of Charges Affect Inpatient Ancillary Test Utilization?","display_name":"Does the Computerized Display of Charges Affect Inpatient Ancillary Test Utilization?","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115830376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.157.21.2501","mag":"2115830376","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9385303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/archinte.157.21.2501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.157.21.2501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.157.21.2501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206803","display_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9926","issn":["0003-9926","0730-188X","1538-3679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036110536","display_name":"David Westfall Bates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-1540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-1540","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-2360","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7438-9491","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-156X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-6039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. W. Bates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital,Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital,Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036110536"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95859838,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"157","issue":"21","first_page":"2501","last_page":"2501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13555","display_name":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13555","display_name":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-ordering-behavior","display_name":"physician ordering behavior","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-laboratory-testing","display_name":"clinical laboratory testing","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inpatient-care","display_name":"inpatient care","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-utilization","display_name":"test utilization","score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-containment","display_name":"cost containment","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-charges","display_name":"hospital charges","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190892606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3512464","display_name":"Radiological weapon","level":2,"score":0.8262612819671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6647430658340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4987008571624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4749460518360138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4126080572605133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.350130558013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.22904175519943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.11469820141792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10946318507194519}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003955","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Tests, Routine","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003955","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Tests, Routine","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006746","descriptor_name":"Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006784","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Teaching","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006784","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Teaching","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007755","descriptor_name":"Laboratories, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007755","descriptor_name":"Laboratories, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008404","descriptor_name":"Massachusetts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008505","descriptor_name":"Medical Staff, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008505","descriptor_name":"Medical Staff, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010818","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Physicians'","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011872","descriptor_name":"Radiology Department, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011872","descriptor_name":"Radiology Department, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017722","descriptor_name":"Hospital Charges","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/archinte.157.21.2501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.157.21.2501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.157.21.2501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206803","display_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9926","issn":["0003-9926","0730-188X","1538-3679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440420135015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1997.00440420135015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1997.00440420135015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206803","display_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-9926","issn":["0003-9926","0730-188X","1538-3679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9385303","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9385303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of internal medicine","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/37368700","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37368700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Arch Intern Med","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2452319408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-HS08927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43091966","https://openalex.org/W129487138","https://openalex.org/W1481958749","https://openalex.org/W1576096642","https://openalex.org/W1970317990","https://openalex.org/W1979778427","https://openalex.org/W1988834945","https://openalex.org/W1997008343","https://openalex.org/W1998754678","https://openalex.org/W2002949342","https://openalex.org/W2009333875","https://openalex.org/W2024306637","https://openalex.org/W2028152502","https://openalex.org/W2032077175","https://openalex.org/W2034440069","https://openalex.org/W2051129192","https://openalex.org/W2051842656","https://openalex.org/W2055718446","https://openalex.org/W2056763980","https://openalex.org/W2062785658","https://openalex.org/W2078294053","https://openalex.org/W2081936161","https://openalex.org/W2090463280","https://openalex.org/W2396703815","https://openalex.org/W2414658907","https://openalex.org/W2441102226","https://openalex.org/W4237833050","https://openalex.org/W4238009134","https://openalex.org/W4240695485","https://openalex.org/W4240842723","https://openalex.org/W4244449968","https://openalex.org/W4247944991"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979778427","https://openalex.org/W2055718446","https://openalex.org/W2773202380","https://openalex.org/W2168916357","https://openalex.org/W1973287862","https://openalex.org/W2607383247","https://openalex.org/W2974910265","https://openalex.org/W1966771909","https://openalex.org/W3215398939","https://openalex.org/W4280556430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,101,120,244],"computerized":[2,32,106,245],"display":[3,33,107,217,246],"of":[4,34,104,108,115,122,205,208,215,218,235,247,257],"charges":[5,35,109,133,161,187,239,248],"for":[6,36,110,134,162,188,240,272],"ancillary":[7],"tests":[8,41,111,127,156,164,190,236,260],"in":[9,25,81,95,149],"outpatients":[10],"has":[11,21],"been":[12,23],"found":[13],"to":[14,282],"affect":[15,283],"physician-ordering":[16,43],"behavior,":[17],"but":[18,196],"this":[19],"issue":[20],"not":[22,211],"studied":[24],"inpatients.":[26],"OBJECTIVE:":[27],"To":[28],"assess":[29],"whether":[30],"the":[31,82,96,105,113,132,139,150,159,179,186,189,197,213,216,221,228,255],"clinical":[37,85,123,140,258,273],"laboratory":[38,86,124,141,259,274],"or":[39,261,265],"radiological":[40,99,126,222,262],"affected":[42],"behavior.":[44],"PATIENTS":[45],"AND":[46],"METHODS:":[47],"Two":[48],"prospective":[49],"controlled":[50],"trials,":[51],"randomized":[52],"by":[53],"patient,":[54],"were":[55,165,270],"performed.":[56],"Each":[57],"trial":[58],"included":[59],"all":[60],"medical":[61],"and":[62,72,77,88,91,125,131,158,210,238],"surgical":[63],"inpatients":[64,80,94],"at":[65,112],"1":[66],"large":[67],"teaching":[68],"hospital":[69],"during":[70,143,224],"4":[71],"7":[73],"months:":[74],"3536":[75],"intervention":[76,90,102,151,229],"3554":[78],"control":[79,93],"group":[83,97,152,230],"with":[84,98,175,202,212],"tests,":[87,142,209,223],"8728":[89],"8653":[92],"tests.":[100,136,242,275],"consisted":[103],"time":[114],"ordering.":[116],"MAIN":[117],"OUTCOME":[118],"MEASURES:":[119],"number":[121,256],"ordered":[128,237,264],"per":[129,191],"admission":[130,192],"these":[135,163,241],"RESULTS:":[137],"For":[138,220],"a":[144,183,203,225],"4-month":[145,181],"study":[146],"period,":[147,227],"patients":[148],"had":[153,193,231,249],"4.5%":[154],"fewer":[155],"ordered,":[157],"total":[160],"4.2%":[166],"lower,":[167],"although":[168,267],"neither":[169],"difference":[170],"was":[171,199],"statistically":[172,251],"significant.":[173],"Compared":[174],"historical":[176],"controls":[177],"from":[178],"same":[180],"period":[182],"year":[184],"before,":[185],"decreased":[194],"13.3%,":[195],"decrease":[198],"temporally":[200],"correlated":[201],"restriction":[204],"future":[206],"ordering":[207],"introduction":[214],"charges.":[219],"7-month":[226],"almost":[232],"identical":[233],"numbers":[234],"CONCLUSIONS:":[243],"no":[250],"significant":[252],"effect":[253],"on":[254],"procedures":[263],"performed,":[266],"small":[268],"trends":[269],"present":[271],"More":[276],"intensive":[277],"interventions":[278],"may":[279],"be":[280],"needed":[281],"physician":[284],"test":[285],"utilization.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}