{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115698282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","title":"Time for a United Nations 'Global Compact' for Integrating Human Rights into the Law of Worldwide Organizations: Lessons from European Integration","display_name":"Time for a United Nations 'Global Compact' for Integrating Human Rights into the Law of Worldwide Organizations: Lessons from European Integration","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115698282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","mag":"2115698282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article-pdf/13/3/621/1266582/130621.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175405714","display_name":"European Journal of International Law","issn_l":"0938-5428","issn":["0938-5428","1464-3596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of International Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article-pdf/13/3/621/1266582/130621.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056094436","display_name":"E.-U. Petersmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E.-U. Petersmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universities of St Gallen , Fribourg , Lausanne ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universities of St Gallen , Fribourg , Lausanne ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056094436"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"],"apc_list":{"value":2919,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3849},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":73.7995,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":222,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99828095,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"621","last_page":"650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.7681000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.7681000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13710","display_name":"European and International Law Studies","score":0.08259999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.033900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-nations-global-compact","display_name":"UN Global Compact","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"human rights","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-organizations","display_name":"international organizations","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergovernmental-organizations","display_name":"intergovernmental organizations","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-nations-specialized-agencies","display_name":"United Nations specialized agencies","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-trade-organization","display_name":"World Trade Organization","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization-of-human-rights","display_name":"globalization of human rights","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-integration","display_name":"European integration","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-law","display_name":"rule of law","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-legitimacy","display_name":"democratic legitimacy","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division-of-labor","display_name":"division of labor","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-adjustment","display_name":"social adaptation","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.8142577409744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86615163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147615","display_name":"International human rights law","level":3,"score":0.5735815763473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.48720115423202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.48359817266464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95691615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237872","display_name":"Fundamental rights","level":3,"score":0.4506341814994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.44993144273757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4480290710926056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.38580191135406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3618616461753845}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article-pdf/13/3/621/1266582/130621.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175405714","display_name":"European Journal of International Law","issn_l":"0938-5428","issn":["0938-5428","1464-3596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of International Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cadmus.eui.eu:1814/3695","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1814/3695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196332","display_name":"Cadmus - EUI Research Repository (European University Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","host_organization_name":"European University Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/13.3.621","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article-pdf/13/3/621/1266582/130621.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175405714","display_name":"European Journal of International Law","issn_l":"0938-5428","issn":["0938-5428","1464-3596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of International Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2115698282.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2115698282.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145960807","https://openalex.org/W2018166776","https://openalex.org/W7057312390","https://openalex.org/W3020418870","https://openalex.org/W4409444117","https://openalex.org/W2909957749","https://openalex.org/W1668297061","https://openalex.org/W2936976751","https://openalex.org/W1548729023","https://openalex.org/W1969335240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,126,200],"\u2018Global":[1,49],"Compact\u2019,":[2],"launched":[3],"by":[4,91,115],"UN":[5,53,55,102],"Secretary\u2010General":[6],"Kofi":[7],"Annan":[8],"in":[9,39,109,237,271,280,305,316,353,359],"1999,":[10],"calls":[11,45],"upon":[12],"business":[13],"to":[14,75,94,101,107,118,299,347],"\u2018support":[15],"and":[16,29,54,84,106,121,131,141,151,159,171,185,194,212,228,246,260,265,291,295,301,343,349],"respect":[17],"the":[18,52,68,82,113,119,206,218,234,251,255,317,333,338,354,360],"protection":[19,122,140,256],"of":[20,27,86,123,128,132,143,164,178,209,221,253,257,268,337,341],"international":[21,214,266,292],"human":[22,40,79,103,124,129,144,179,226,258,275,303,351],"rights":[23,41,80,98,104,130,145,180,227,259,276,304,352],"within":[24],"their":[25,33],"sphere":[26],"influence":[28],"[to]":[30],"make":[31],"sure":[32],"own":[34],"corporations":[35],"are":[36,174],"not":[37,243],"complicit":[38],"abuses\u2019.":[42],"This":[43],"article":[44],"for":[46,89,332,344],"a":[47,161,167,176],"complementary":[48],"Compact\u2019":[50],"between":[51],"specialized":[56,116],"agencies,":[57],"as":[58,60,67,74,284,287,296],"well":[59],"with":[61],"other":[62],"worldwide":[63],"public":[64],"organizations":[65],"such":[66],"World":[69],"Trade":[70],"Organization":[71],"(WTO),":[72],"so":[73],"integrate":[76],"universally":[77],"recognized":[78,279],"into":[81,232],"law":[83,135,154,215,241,283,314],"practice":[85],"intergovernmental":[87],"organizations,":[88],"example":[90],"requiring":[92,297],"them":[93],"submit":[95],"annual":[96],"\u2018human":[97],"impact":[99],"statements\u2019":[100],"bodies":[105],"engage":[108],"transparent":[110],"dialogues":[111],"about":[112],"contribution":[114],"agencies":[117],"promotion":[120],"rights.":[125],"globalization":[127],"economic":[133,149,245],"integration":[134,153,173,240,273,282,313],"offers":[136],"mutually":[137,195],"beneficial":[138,196],"synergies:":[139],"enjoyment":[142],"depend":[146],"also":[147,175,250,328],"on":[148,152,217,225,324],"resources":[150],"opening":[155],"markets,":[156],"reducing":[157],"discrimination":[158],"enabling":[160],"welfare\u2010increasing":[162],"division":[163,340],"labour.":[165],"As":[166,270],"corollary,":[168],"economic,":[169],"legal":[170,184],"political":[172],"function":[177],"protecting":[181],"personal":[182],"autonomy,":[183],"social":[186,247,334],"security,":[187],"peaceful":[188],"change,":[189],"individual":[190],"savings,":[191],"investments,":[192],"production":[193],"transactions":[197],"across":[198,309],"frontiers.":[199,311],"proposed":[201],"\u2018integration":[202],"approach\u2019":[203],"differs":[204],"from":[205],"1945":[207],"paradigm":[208],"\u2018specialized":[210],"agencies\u2019":[211],"state\u2010centred":[213],"focusing":[216],"\u2018sovereign":[219],"equality\u2019":[220],"states":[222],"rather":[223],"than":[224,358],"democracy.":[229],"It":[230,326],"takes":[231],"account":[233],"regional":[235],"experiences":[236],"Europe,":[238],"that":[239],"enhances":[242],"only":[244],"welfare":[248],"but":[249],"rule":[252],"law,":[254,274],"democratic":[261],"legitimacy":[262],"at":[263],"national":[264,290,310],"levels":[267],"governance.":[269],"European":[272],"should":[277,319,327],"be":[278],"global":[281,339],"empowering":[285],"citizens,":[286],"constitutionally":[288],"limiting":[289],"regulatory":[293],"powers,":[294],"governments":[298],"protect":[300,348],"promote":[302,350],"all":[306],"policy":[307],"areas":[308],"Global":[312],"(e.g.":[315],"WTO)":[318],"no":[320,356],"longer":[321],"focus":[322],"one\u2010sidedly":[323],"liberalization.":[325],"accept":[329],"shared":[330],"responsibility":[331],"adjustment":[335],"problems":[336],"labour":[342],"governmental":[345],"obligations":[346],"economy":[355],"less":[357],"polity.":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}