{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115695679","doi":null,"title":"Wood, animals and human beings as reservoirs for human Cryptococcus neoformans infection.","display_name":"Wood, animals and human beings as reservoirs for human Cryptococcus neoformans infection.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115695679","mag":"2115695679","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18473573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:18473573","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18473573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revista iberoamericana de micologia","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001652639","display_name":"Luiz Fernando Cabral Passoni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109640","display_name":"Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado","ror":"https://ror.org/01ky2n109","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109640"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L F Cabral Passoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Servi\u00e7o de Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias, Hospital dos Servidores do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. diphserj@ax.ibase.org.br"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Servi\u00e7o de Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas e Parasit\u00e1rias, Hospital dos Servidores do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. diphserj@ax.ibase.org.br","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109640"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001652639"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109640"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83142026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"77","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11154","display_name":"Parasitic infections in humans and animals","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11086","display_name":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcus-neoformans","display_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcosis","display_name":"cryptococcosis","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-reservoirs","display_name":"environmental reservoirs","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigeon-manure","display_name":"pigeon manure","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood","display_name":"wood","score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil","display_name":"soil","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saprophytic-fungi","display_name":"saprotrophic fungi","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcus-neoformans-var-gattii","display_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptococcus-neoformans-var-neoformans","display_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opportunistic-fungal-infection","display_name":"opportunistic fungal infection","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777893358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131924","display_name":"Cryptococcus neoformans","level":2,"score":0.9895166158676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779413141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470140","display_name":"Cryptococcosis","level":2,"score":0.9362262487411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7716104984283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.7353692650794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.587913990020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10389963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848328","display_name":"Serotype","level":2,"score":0.5451561212539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778952914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309498","display_name":"Cryptococcus","level":2,"score":0.528867781162262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779678110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764","display_name":"Fungus","level":2,"score":0.4986107349395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779286289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149791","display_name":"Cryptococcus gattii","level":3,"score":0.44430530071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.12011834979057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:18473573","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18473573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revista iberoamericana de micologia","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2115695679","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18473573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151496027","https://openalex.org/W1541404242","https://openalex.org/W1563440865","https://openalex.org/W1577883954","https://openalex.org/W1739990449","https://openalex.org/W1895380781","https://openalex.org/W1962919083","https://openalex.org/W1965034307","https://openalex.org/W1974106897","https://openalex.org/W1978713023","https://openalex.org/W1979894181","https://openalex.org/W1982645731","https://openalex.org/W1987013433","https://openalex.org/W1995431528","https://openalex.org/W2000003921","https://openalex.org/W2014487162","https://openalex.org/W2045446438","https://openalex.org/W2058895756","https://openalex.org/W2069403713","https://openalex.org/W2075097980","https://openalex.org/W2087901911","https://openalex.org/W2100525954","https://openalex.org/W2100761712","https://openalex.org/W2101600173","https://openalex.org/W2102953858","https://openalex.org/W2106881045","https://openalex.org/W2108029078","https://openalex.org/W2124471185","https://openalex.org/W2128224216","https://openalex.org/W2139879809","https://openalex.org/W2141839683","https://openalex.org/W2147038307","https://openalex.org/W2149199249","https://openalex.org/W2150329068","https://openalex.org/W2150949322","https://openalex.org/W2155736284","https://openalex.org/W2163128219","https://openalex.org/W2166814128","https://openalex.org/W2172090846","https://openalex.org/W2183408042","https://openalex.org/W2231513880","https://openalex.org/W2313508921","https://openalex.org/W2316740136","https://openalex.org/W2325378476","https://openalex.org/W2327966333","https://openalex.org/W2346412123","https://openalex.org/W2409742367","https://openalex.org/W2518691215","https://openalex.org/W2767264789","https://openalex.org/W4295327127","https://openalex.org/W4320801075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041633689","https://openalex.org/W4249286319","https://openalex.org/W6908573195","https://openalex.org/W2141839683","https://openalex.org/W2146693468","https://openalex.org/W2117731482","https://openalex.org/W122065509","https://openalex.org/W1528700432","https://openalex.org/W2119622427","https://openalex.org/W1995431528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cryptococcus":[0],"neoformanswas":[1],"first":[2,22],"cultivated":[3],"by":[4,28,210,288,308,315,322],"Sanfelice":[5],"from":[6,40,57,96,258,327],"fermenting":[7],"peach":[8],"juice":[9],"in":[10,62,76,145,228,264,282,355,358,390,403,417],"1894.":[11],"At":[12],"the":[13,21,32,35,52,108,119,131,149,155,161,170,239,272,291,376,404,407],"same":[14],"time,":[15],"Busse":[16],"and":[17,74,87,123,160,189,191,196,205,223,285,310,346,357,371,421,433],"Buschke":[18],"reported,":[19],"separately,":[20],"case":[23],"of":[24,44,54,59,68,90,101,110,114,121,133,139,148,157,163,172,235,261,268,295,302,324,343,380,438],"human":[25,347],"disease":[26],"caused":[27,209],"this":[29],"yeast.":[30],"During":[31],"next":[33],"years,":[34],"fungus":[36],"was":[37,305],"isolated":[38,95,257],"only":[39],"lesions":[41],"or":[42,46,99],"secretions":[43],"men":[45,122],"animals.":[47],"In":[48,249],"1951,":[49],"Emmons":[50,116],"reported":[51,233],"isolation":[53],"C.":[55,69,91,140,158,168,211,245,251,296,303,316,344,351,439],"neoformans":[56,70,92,141,159,185,212,246,252,297,304,345,352,440,442],"soils":[58,286,356],"Virginia":[60],"and,":[61],"1955,":[63],"demonstrated":[64,281,386],"that":[65,118,395],"virulent":[66,88],"strains":[67,89],"were":[71],"found":[72],"commonly":[73],"abundantly":[75],"pigeon":[77,126],"manure":[78],"under":[79],"roosting":[80],"sites.":[81],"Since":[82],"cryptococcosis":[83,134,164,237,269],"is":[84,175,215],"not":[85,94,279],"contagious,":[86],"are":[93,241,349,372,411],"skin,":[97],"mucosa":[98],"feces":[100],"man":[102],"with":[103,180,199],"sufficient":[104],"frequency":[105],"to":[106,125,217,244,271,319,340,387,398,425,435],"support":[107],"concept":[109],"an":[111,176,328,335],"endogenous":[112],"source":[113,138,294,330],"infection,":[115],"concluded":[117],"exposure":[120,339,434],"animals":[124],"excreta":[127],"could":[128],"explain":[129],"adequately":[130],"epidemiology":[132,162],"[1].":[135],"This":[136],"saprophytic":[137,293,341],"has":[142,255,278],"been":[143,256,280,385],"recognized":[144],"many":[146,152],"areas":[147,267,361],"world,":[150],"but":[151,276],"questions":[153],"about":[154],"ecology":[156,204,301],"still":[165],"remain":[166],"unanswered.":[167],"neoformans,":[169,174,382],"anamorph":[171],"Filobasidiella":[173],"encapsulated":[177],"basidiomycetous":[178],"yeast":[179,353,408,428],"two":[181],"varieties":[182],"-":[183,198],"var.":[184,192,213,247,253,298,441],"(serotypes":[186,194],"A,":[187],"D,":[188],"AD)":[190],"gattii":[193,214,254,274],"B":[195],"C)":[197],"distinct":[200],"life":[201],"cycles,":[202],"physiology,":[203],"genetics":[206],"[2,3].":[207],"Infection":[208],"restricted":[216],"some":[218,265],"geographical":[219],"areas,":[220],"mainly":[221],"tropical":[222],"subtropical":[224],"regions,":[225],"occurring":[226],"predominantly":[227],"non-immunocompromised":[229],"individuals":[230],"[4,5],":[231],"whereas":[232],"cases":[234],"opportunistic":[236],"throughout":[238],"world":[240],"usually":[242],"due":[243,270],"neoformans.":[248,299],"nature,":[250],"plant":[259],"debris":[260],"Eucalyptus":[262],"trees":[263],"endemic":[266],"variety":[273],"[6],":[275],"it":[277],"avian":[283,289,359],"droppings":[284],"contaminated":[287],"excreta,":[290],"major":[292],"The":[300],"recently":[306],"reviewed":[307],"Sorrell":[309],"Ellis":[311],"[7].":[312],"Human":[313,431],"infection":[314,348,432],"neoformansis":[317],"thought":[318],"be":[320,366,388,399],"acquired":[321],"inhalation":[323],"airborne":[325],"propagules":[326],"environmental":[329],"[3].":[331],"However,":[332],"evidences":[333],"for":[334],"epidemiological":[336],"association":[337],"between":[338],"sources":[342,437],"circumstantial.":[350],"cells":[354,429],"nesting":[360],"possess":[362],"minimal":[363],"capsule,":[364],"may":[365],"smaller":[367,412],"than":[368,406,427],"2":[369],"\u00b5m,":[370],"easily":[373,419],"aerosolized.":[374],"On":[375],"other":[377],"hand,":[378],"basidiospores":[379],"F.":[381],"which":[383],"have":[384,393],"pathogenic":[389],"animal":[391],"experiments,":[392],"characteristics":[394],"favor":[396],"them":[397],"more":[400,423],"readily":[401],"deposited":[402],"lungs":[405],"cells:":[409],"they":[410],"(1.8":[413],"x":[414],"2.5":[415],"\u00b5m":[416],"diameter),":[418],"aerosolized,":[420],"much":[422],"resistant":[424],"desiccation":[426],"[8].":[430],"natural":[436]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}