{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115354090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sfcs.1989.63521","title":"Minimum resource zero knowledge proofs","display_name":"Minimum resource zero knowledge proofs","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115354090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sfcs.1989.63521","mag":"2115354090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sfcs.1989.63521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sfcs.1989.63521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sfcs.1989.63521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175768","display_name":"Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science","issn_l":"0272-5428","issn":["0272-5428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"30th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037463975","display_name":"Joe Kilian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kilian","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030198184","display_name":"Silvio M. Micali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Micali","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020375635","display_name":"Rafail Ostrovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-1330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-1330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Ostrovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93269231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"474","last_page":"479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proofs","display_name":"zero-knowledge proofs","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oblivious-transfer","display_name":"oblivious transfer","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-way-functions","display_name":"one-way functions","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-complexity","display_name":"communication complexity","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-preprocessing","display_name":"data preprocessing","score":0.3930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.9446538686752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.7605053186416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.7259169816970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7120171189308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6402554512023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6261379718780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5096070766448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.47892341017723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46574151515960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4442763328552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53076038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915383","display_name":"Oblivious transfer","level":3,"score":0.4154515862464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3438125550746918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23764869570732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18984168767929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.14558520913124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sfcs.1989.63521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sfcs.1989.63521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sfcs.1989.63521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175768","display_name":"Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science","issn_l":"0272-5428","issn":["0272-5428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"30th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.44.8573","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.44.8573","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.argreenhouse.com/papers/rafail/01.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.69.7435","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.69.7435","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.argreenhouse.com/papers/rafail/01.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494965429","https://openalex.org/W1528853875","https://openalex.org/W1536808194","https://openalex.org/W1840749574","https://openalex.org/W1864248001","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W2016443801","https://openalex.org/W2061106457","https://openalex.org/W2064423787","https://openalex.org/W2119422255","https://openalex.org/W2144752539","https://openalex.org/W2151433956","https://openalex.org/W2164284862","https://openalex.org/W2188388535","https://openalex.org/W3150645827","https://openalex.org/W6631499728","https://openalex.org/W6686959814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067596507","https://openalex.org/W2346111487","https://openalex.org/W1968853553","https://openalex.org/W7096331149","https://openalex.org/W1555780274","https://openalex.org/W7100168726","https://openalex.org/W2109693837","https://openalex.org/W3146210114","https://openalex.org/W2054019351","https://openalex.org/W4404901163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"resources":[1],"relating":[2],"to":[3],"zero-knowledge":[4],"protocols":[5,23],"are":[6,9],"considered.":[7],"They":[8],"the":[10,16,18,26,29,36,70,73,81],"number":[11,19,55],"of":[12,20,32,47,50,56,58,72,75,83],"envelopes":[13],"used":[14],"in":[15,66],"protocol,":[17,27],"oblivious":[21,51],"transfer":[22],"executed":[24],"during":[25],"and":[28,65],"total":[30],"amount":[31],"communication":[33],"required":[34],"by":[35],"protocol.":[37],"It":[38],"is":[39,88],"shown":[40],"that":[41,80],"after":[42],"a":[43,85],"preprocessing":[44],"stage":[45],"consisting":[46],"O(k)":[48],"executions":[49],"transfer,":[52],"any":[53,59,76],"polynomial":[54],"NP-theorems":[57],"polysize":[60],"can":[61],"be":[62],"proved":[63],"noninteractively":[64],"zero":[67],"knowledge,":[68],"on":[69],"basis":[71],"existence":[74],"one-way":[77],"function,":[78],"so":[79],"probability":[82],"accepting":[84],"false":[86],"theorem":[87],"less":[89],"than":[90],"1/2/sup":[91],"k/.>":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
