{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115286534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/6.343982","title":"Keeping tabs on criminals [electronic monitoring]","display_name":"Keeping tabs on criminals [electronic monitoring]","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115286534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/6.343982","mag":"2115286534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/6.343982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/6.343982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/6.343982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66124381","display_name":"IEEE Spectrum","issn_l":"0018-9235","issn":["0018-9235","1939-9340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057239744","display_name":"Joseph Hoshen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Hoshen","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035185490","display_name":"J. Sennott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24648388","display_name":"Bradley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kmeaw70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24648388"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Sennott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24648388"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. Winkler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282835","display_name":"Colorado Department of Corrections","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkb5w24","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272651","https://openalex.org/I4405282835"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Winkler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado Department of Corrections"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado Department of Corrections","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282835"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98030076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"26","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.51419997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.51419997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.4758000075817108,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-monitoring","display_name":"electronic monitoring","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offender-tracking","display_name":"offender tracking","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parole","display_name":"parole","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probation","display_name":"probation","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prison-costs","display_name":"prison costs","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-safety","display_name":"public safety","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-prevention","display_name":"crime prevention","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement-technology","display_name":"police technology","score":0.5410000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.729845404624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.6849365234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.5596082806587219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.484857439994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4211200475692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41803228855133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3846471309661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.35858380794525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1311696171760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/6.343982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/6.343982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/6.343982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66124381","display_name":"IEEE Spectrum","issn_l":"0018-9235","issn":["0018-9235","1939-9340"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153247274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W199460451","https://openalex.org/W2115971814","https://openalex.org/W2602010149","https://openalex.org/W1597342709","https://openalex.org/W2096519463","https://openalex.org/W4200307693","https://openalex.org/W3124417529","https://openalex.org/W3121956794","https://openalex.org/W2315691001","https://openalex.org/W2050874886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,51,73,82,107,111,116],"United":[2],"States":[3],"last":[4],"year,":[5,44],"there":[6,16],"were":[7,17,134],"1.4":[8],"million":[9,23],"offenders":[10],"in":[11,65,72,99],"prison-twice":[12],"as":[13,15,48,50],"many":[14,92],"10":[18],"years":[19],"ago-and":[20],"another":[21],"four":[22],"out":[24],"on":[25],"parole":[26],"or":[27],"probation.":[28],"Criminal":[29],"justice":[30],"costs":[31,127],"have":[32,61],"kept":[33],"pace:":[34],"they":[35],"now":[36],"come":[37],"to":[38,91],"some":[39],"US":[40],"$90":[41],"billion":[42],"a":[43,46],"about":[45],"third":[47],"much":[49],"bill":[52],"for":[53],"national":[54],"defense.":[55],"Yet":[56],"bulging":[57],"law":[58],"enforcement":[59],"budgets":[60],"made":[62],"little":[63],"dent":[64],"crime":[66],"and":[67,87,125],"none,":[68],"it":[69],"would":[70],"seem,":[71],"fears":[74],"of":[75,85,110,113],"law-abiding":[76],"taxpayers.":[77],"Public":[78],"safety":[79,121],"has":[80],"become":[81],"prime":[83],"concern":[84],"city":[86],"suburban":[88],"residents,":[89],"according":[90],"recent":[93],"polls.":[94],"Technology":[95],"could":[96,122],"do":[97],"more":[98],"their":[100],"defense,":[101],"an":[102],"especially":[103],"hopeful":[104],"area":[105],"being":[106],"electronic":[108,131],"monitoring":[109,132],"movements":[112],"victimizers.":[114],"Here,":[115],"authors":[117],"describe":[118],"how":[119],"public":[120],"be":[123],"improved":[124],"incarceration":[126],"cut":[128],"if":[129],"new":[130],"schemes":[133],"put":[135],"into":[136],"effect.>":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-09T09:14:12.587421","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
