{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115231671","doi":null,"title":"Adenosine receptor signaling and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases","display_name":"Adenosine receptor signaling and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115231671","mag":"2115231671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26906719","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Adenosine_receptor_signaling_and_the_activation_of_mitogen-activated_protein_kinases/26906719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10616/37706","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060927839","display_name":"Gunnar Schulte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-7013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-7013"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gunnar Schulte","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-7013","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060927839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11193","display_name":"Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11193","display_name":"Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12827","display_name":"Biochemical and Molecular Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adenosine-receptors","display_name":"adenosine receptors","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitogen-activated-protein-kinase","display_name":"mitogen-activated protein kinase","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erk1-2-phosphorylation","display_name":"ERK1/2 phosphorylation","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mapk-signaling","display_name":"MAPK signaling","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/g-protein-coupled-receptors","display_name":"G protein-coupled receptors","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adenosine-a1-receptor","display_name":"adenosine A1 receptor","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adenosine-a2a-receptor","display_name":"adenosine A2A receptor","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adenosine-a2b-receptor","display_name":"adenosine A2B receptor","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a3-adenosine-receptor","display_name":"A3 adenosine receptor","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inosine","display_name":"inosine","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutive-receptor-activation","display_name":"constitutive receptor activation","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-proliferation","display_name":"cell proliferation","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-growth","display_name":"cell growth","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-metabolism","display_name":"energy metabolism","score":0.3400000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132149769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899651","display_name":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase","level":3,"score":0.6025577187538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421851","display_name":"Kinase","level":2,"score":0.5476561784744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5432859063148499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776991684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190012","display_name":"Adenosine","level":2,"score":0.45685794949531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37933528423309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3106696605682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.23675793409347534}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26906719","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Adenosine_receptor_signaling_and_the_activation_of_mitogen-activated_protein_kinases/26906719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openarchive.ki.se:10616/37706","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10616/37706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400147","display_name":"Open Archive (Karolinska Institutet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","host_organization_name":"Karolinska Institutet","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:2115231671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openarchive.ki.se/xmlui/bitstream/10616/37706/1/thesis.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openarchive.ki.se:10616/37706","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10616/37706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400147","display_name":"Open Archive (Karolinska Institutet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","host_organization_name":"Karolinska Institutet","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":370,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12631990","https://openalex.org/W31407392","https://openalex.org/W53423959","https://openalex.org/W116672086","https://openalex.org/W178306964","https://openalex.org/W255293688","https://openalex.org/W346745165","https://openalex.org/W1481591305","https://openalex.org/W1487207306","https://openalex.org/W1487365829","https://openalex.org/W1494070440","https://openalex.org/W1510050153","https://openalex.org/W1515416907","https://openalex.org/W1517048488","https://openalex.org/W1521659744","https://openalex.org/W1542957393","https://openalex.org/W1545688394","https://openalex.org/W1548774537","https://openalex.org/W1559777116","https://openalex.org/W1564850196","https://openalex.org/W1567065545","https://openalex.org/W1572746674","https://openalex.org/W1575223177","https://openalex.org/W1575672758","https://openalex.org/W1579364872","https://openalex.org/W1581396422","https://openalex.org/W1582154409","https://openalex.org/W1583950528","https://openalex.org/W1586779185","https://openalex.org/W1594412667","https://openalex.org/W1598030966","https://openalex.org/W1598950170","https://openalex.org/W1604949247","https://openalex.org/W1608533627","https://openalex.org/W1635497270","https://openalex.org/W1665534178","https://openalex.org/W1667204010","https://openalex.org/W1674184175","https://openalex.org/W1769585641","https://openalex.org/W1786370853","https://openalex.org/W1795056021","https://openalex.org/W1818313483","https://openalex.org/W1822066871","https://openalex.org/W1885709862","https://openalex.org/W1894685331","https://openalex.org/W1899641668","https://openalex.org/W1908049038","https://openalex.org/W1911968642","https://openalex.org/W1963827446","https://openalex.org/W1965554200","https://openalex.org/W1966657000","https://openalex.org/W1967432915","https://openalex.org/W1967517517","https://openalex.org/W1967582382","https://openalex.org/W1968599797","https://openalex.org/W1968606500","https://openalex.org/W1969302149","https://openalex.org/W1969493959","https://openalex.org/W1969785844","https://openalex.org/W1970723429","https://openalex.org/W1970735844","https://openalex.org/W1970736649","https://openalex.org/W1971024460","https://openalex.org/W1972146864","https://openalex.org/W1972211504","https://openalex.org/W1973163775","https://openalex.org/W1973613428","https://openalex.org/W1975915718","https://openalex.org/W1976150146","https://openalex.org/W1976849281","https://openalex.org/W1977442297","https://openalex.org/W1977701732","https://openalex.org/W1977880024","https://openalex.org/W1979187651","https://openalex.org/W1980336594","https://openalex.org/W1980352092","https://openalex.org/W1980445909","https://openalex.org/W1980447664","https://openalex.org/W1980823970","https://openalex.org/W1980912932","https://openalex.org/W1981182586","https://openalex.org/W1981493299","https://openalex.org/W1981540929","https://openalex.org/W1982560959","https://openalex.org/W1983081467","https://openalex.org/W1983229130","https://openalex.org/W1984080990","https://openalex.org/W1984362855","https://openalex.org/W1984384479","https://openalex.org/W1985460150","https://openalex.org/W1986075334","https://openalex.org/W1988077150","https://openalex.org/W1990026949","https://openalex.org/W1990540386","https://openalex.org/W1990930963","https://openalex.org/W1991076906","https://openalex.org/W1991864133","https://openalex.org/W1991930853","https://openalex.org/W1992437228","https://openalex.org/W1992682983","https://openalex.org/W1992699915","https://openalex.org/W1992815150","https://openalex.org/W1992896836","https://openalex.org/W1992965538","https://openalex.org/W1993163893","https://openalex.org/W1993343824","https://openalex.org/W1993876642","https://openalex.org/W1994816216","https://openalex.org/W1995941325","https://openalex.org/W1997192519","https://openalex.org/W1998414644","https://openalex.org/W1999158663","https://openalex.org/W1999515465","https://openalex.org/W2000217470","https://openalex.org/W2000253969","https://openalex.org/W2000630926","https://openalex.org/W2000989410","https://openalex.org/W2001110103","https://openalex.org/W2001402428","https://openalex.org/W2003437645","https://openalex.org/W2003497280","https://openalex.org/W2003635153","https://openalex.org/W2003897356","https://openalex.org/W2003942547","https://openalex.org/W2004300601","https://openalex.org/W2004403669","https://openalex.org/W2004625139","https://openalex.org/W2006293323","https://openalex.org/W2007298458","https://openalex.org/W2007462827","https://openalex.org/W2007990537","https://openalex.org/W2008333101","https://openalex.org/W2008396525","https://openalex.org/W2008641442","https://openalex.org/W2008812258","https://openalex.org/W2010844587","https://openalex.org/W2012051875","https://openalex.org/W2012441637","https://openalex.org/W2012571494","https://openalex.org/W2012806962","https://openalex.org/W2013043665","https://openalex.org/W2013978625","https://openalex.org/W2014862487","https://openalex.org/W2015943972","https://openalex.org/W2017461976","https://openalex.org/W2018826751","https://openalex.org/W2018928562","https://openalex.org/W2019407832","https://openalex.org/W2021269908","https://openalex.org/W2022951796","https://openalex.org/W2023809175","https://openalex.org/W2024251022","https://openalex.org/W2024469932","https://openalex.org/W2027239096","https://openalex.org/W2027339399","https://openalex.org/W2027471723","https://openalex.org/W2028415754","https://openalex.org/W2028799706","https://openalex.org/W2029127131","https://openalex.org/W2029171011","https://openalex.org/W2031519578","https://openalex.org/W2032584205","https://openalex.org/W2032669514","https://openalex.org/W2032817955","https://openalex.org/W2033564079","https://openalex.org/W2033601995","https://openalex.org/W2034184306","https://openalex.org/W2034324747","https://openalex.org/W2034825884","https://openalex.org/W2035189150","https://openalex.org/W2036258710","https://openalex.org/W2039094079","https://openalex.org/W2039193709","https://openalex.org/W2041196654","https://openalex.org/W2041843731","https://openalex.org/W2042071773","https://openalex.org/W2042293617","https://openalex.org/W2043788752","https://openalex.org/W2045157793","https://openalex.org/W2046244096","https://openalex.org/W2046349103","https://openalex.org/W2046467234","https://openalex.org/W2047183572","https://openalex.org/W2047207866","https://openalex.org/W2047835906","https://openalex.org/W2048258098","https://openalex.org/W2048669565","https://openalex.org/W2049161935","https://openalex.org/W2049367666","https://openalex.org/W2050141745","https://openalex.org/W2050555151","https://openalex.org/W2052151503","https://openalex.org/W2052484523","https://openalex.org/W2052750950","https://openalex.org/W2052845309","https://openalex.org/W2053124932","https://openalex.org/W2053225881","https://openalex.org/W2053268343","https://openalex.org/W2053642263","https://openalex.org/W2053643150","https://openalex.org/W2054906104","https://openalex.org/W2055095365","https://openalex.org/W2055674941","https://openalex.org/W2055737181","https://openalex.org/W2056358535","https://openalex.org/W2056527670","https://openalex.org/W2057106535","https://openalex.org/W2057746140","https://openalex.org/W2058241031","https://openalex.org/W2059011745","https://openalex.org/W2059072734","https://openalex.org/W2061112911","https://openalex.org/W2063100876","https://openalex.org/W2063704877","https://openalex.org/W2064514265","https://openalex.org/W2064727002","https://openalex.org/W2064973618","https://openalex.org/W2070280898","https://openalex.org/W2070564840","https://openalex.org/W2073019193","https://openalex.org/W2073039482","https://openalex.org/W2073561633","https://openalex.org/W2075846921","https://openalex.org/W2077243564","https://openalex.org/W2077673188","https://openalex.org/W2077747679","https://openalex.org/W2078037416","https://openalex.org/W2078102222","https://openalex.org/W2078757969","https://openalex.org/W2079051863","https://openalex.org/W2079238835","https://openalex.org/W2080875376","https://openalex.org/W2082022360","https://openalex.org/W2082220840","https://openalex.org/W2082370179","https://openalex.org/W2082889823","https://openalex.org/W2083220635","https://openalex.org/W2084839593","https://openalex.org/W2086023203","https://openalex.org/W2086617442","https://openalex.org/W2087921914","https://openalex.org/W2088359631","https://openalex.org/W2088823687","https://openalex.org/W2089894631","https://openalex.org/W2090235361","https://openalex.org/W2090895449","https://openalex.org/W2092014913","https://openalex.org/W2092087879","https://openalex.org/W2092175068","https://openalex.org/W2092424199","https://openalex.org/W2093115609","https://openalex.org/W2094476084","https://openalex.org/W2094576825","https://openalex.org/W2094659070","https://openalex.org/W2095225735","https://openalex.org/W2095769092","https://openalex.org/W2095909361","https://openalex.org/W2096050441","https://openalex.org/W2096549360","https://openalex.org/W2097686380","https://openalex.org/W2098719212","https://openalex.org/W2098994656","https://openalex.org/W2101413460","https://openalex.org/W2101535048","https://openalex.org/W2104969843","https://openalex.org/W2105737054","https://openalex.org/W2106279971","https://openalex.org/W2106861254","https://openalex.org/W2107258432","https://openalex.org/W2108349154","https://openalex.org/W2110487056","https://openalex.org/W2112543878","https://openalex.org/W2114442289","https://openalex.org/W2115077792","https://openalex.org/W2116418941","https://openalex.org/W2119624179","https://openalex.org/W2122057254","https://openalex.org/W2126076154","https://openalex.org/W2126589234","https://openalex.org/W2129450338","https://openalex.org/W2129667982","https://openalex.org/W2129863287","https://openalex.org/W2131146014","https://openalex.org/W2131237278","https://openalex.org/W2132279779","https://openalex.org/W2133067333","https://openalex.org/W2133310908","https://openalex.org/W2133667940","https://openalex.org/W2134736486","https://openalex.org/W2135114842","https://openalex.org/W2136717001","https://openalex.org/W2138672567","https://openalex.org/W2140820106","https://openalex.org/W2140975775","https://openalex.org/W2141006629","https://openalex.org/W2144001627","https://openalex.org/W2144409619","https://openalex.org/W2145698708","https://openalex.org/W2146250324","https://openalex.org/W2147478061","https://openalex.org/W2147798319","https://openalex.org/W2149963584","https://openalex.org/W2152668682","https://openalex.org/W2153283433","https://openalex.org/W2154810167","https://openalex.org/W2157153809","https://openalex.org/W2157959080","https://openalex.org/W2158608327","https://openalex.org/W2160058642","https://openalex.org/W2160146943","https://openalex.org/W2161448969","https://openalex.org/W2163133008","https://openalex.org/W2163421864","https://openalex.org/W2163982472","https://openalex.org/W2164354034","https://openalex.org/W2165724559","https://openalex.org/W2166267283","https://openalex.org/W2166527628","https://openalex.org/W2168808956","https://openalex.org/W2169376023","https://openalex.org/W2169889031","https://openalex.org/W2169920833","https://openalex.org/W2170355588","https://openalex.org/W2186358312","https://openalex.org/W2187645153","https://openalex.org/W2189525450","https://openalex.org/W2200162184","https://openalex.org/W2252845142","https://openalex.org/W2255064238","https://openalex.org/W2258292638","https://openalex.org/W2266629895","https://openalex.org/W2270408884","https://openalex.org/W2273533551","https://openalex.org/W2276519662","https://openalex.org/W2295551185","https://openalex.org/W2313049891","https://openalex.org/W2314472510","https://openalex.org/W2319564410","https://openalex.org/W2322783073","https://openalex.org/W2324292026","https://openalex.org/W2325421187","https://openalex.org/W2327972260","https://openalex.org/W2330991670","https://openalex.org/W2336295169","https://openalex.org/W2337735528","https://openalex.org/W2341607598","https://openalex.org/W2342742634","https://openalex.org/W2343724278","https://openalex.org/W2396320316","https://openalex.org/W2397620264","https://openalex.org/W2399625018","https://openalex.org/W2400022332","https://openalex.org/W2400412633","https://openalex.org/W2402623645","https://openalex.org/W2404404568","https://openalex.org/W2408068769","https://openalex.org/W2409197986","https://openalex.org/W2411845569","https://openalex.org/W2415325849","https://openalex.org/W2415729053","https://openalex.org/W2415988606","https://openalex.org/W2425949837","https://openalex.org/W2435775935","https://openalex.org/W2470570998","https://openalex.org/W2473770997","https://openalex.org/W2615977151","https://openalex.org/W2764749351","https://openalex.org/W3143219166","https://openalex.org/W4289256031","https://openalex.org/W4405992943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135487578","https://openalex.org/W3011321975","https://openalex.org/W2049149064","https://openalex.org/W2410200229","https://openalex.org/W4244771246","https://openalex.org/W1982470063","https://openalex.org/W2883059756","https://openalex.org/W2934041912","https://openalex.org/W7096745153","https://openalex.org/W1979406691"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,117,390,516,551,622,791],"nucleoside":[1],"adenosine":[2,31,41,44,101,118,130,142,150,166,177,196,210,220,236,251,257,260,271,287,302,341,369,395,449,505,517,553,626,644,681,687,707,746,793],"is":[3,21,38,71,169,231,252,309,324,359,593],"present":[4,652],"in":[5,28,55,212,322,344,385,413,563,629,647,657,659,690,715,769],"all":[6,12,340,720],"cells":[7,86,191,346,416,719],"and":[8,19,43,70,79,87,98,120,132,145,188,238,241,248,262,280,317,336,361,374,398,437,451,465,474,499,547,577,608,616,711,803],"body":[9,68],"fluids":[10],"of":[11,51,60,108,170,175,207,214,329,441,492,504,526,536,579,587,620,625,637,663,677,680,724,741],"living":[13],"organisms;":[14],"its":[15,228],"production,":[16],"both":[17,463],"intracellularly":[18],"extracellularly,":[20],"tightly":[22],"coupled":[23,111],"to":[24,48,58,73,105,125,140,349,424,433,443,483,488,498,521,600,774],"energy":[25,35],"consumption":[26],"resulting":[27],"increasing":[29],"extracellular":[30,352],"levels":[32,272,288],"with":[33,366,375],"increased":[34,363],"consumption.":[36],"Adenosine":[37,62,312,380,765],"metabolized":[39],"by":[40,95,225,326,511,523,642],"deaminase":[42],"kinase.":[45,808],"Deamination":[46],"leads":[47],"the":[49,77,106,129,147,173,205,208,235,253,278,301,327,350,367,376,394,434,438,448,489,501,524,542,548,557,580,588,601,609,635,658,678,722,763,775],"production":[50,428],"inosine,":[52],"which":[53,103,161,507],"appears":[54],"concentrations":[56,295],"similar":[57,216],"those":[59],"adenosine.":[61,379],"exerts":[63],"modulatory":[64],"effects":[65,92,299,404],"on":[66,405,556],"many":[67],"functions":[69],"known":[72],"regulate,":[74],"for":[75,172,256,393,403,596,655],"example,":[76],"cardiovascular":[78],"central":[80],"nervous":[81],"system,":[82],"pain":[83],"modulation,":[84],"mast":[85],"immune":[88],"function.":[89],"These":[90],"physiological":[91],"are":[93,185,283,289,631],"mediated":[94],"four":[96],"pharmacologically":[97],"biochemically":[99],"distinct":[100],"receptors,":[102,506],"belong":[104],"family":[107,328],"G":[109,115,533,674],"protein":[110,333,545,568,591,606,611,807],"receptors":[112,122,134,151,211,221,264,342,381,688,713],"activating":[113],"heterotrimeric":[114],"proteins.":[116,137],"A,":[119,237,261,396],"A3":[121,239,281,303,399,450,518],"generally":[123],"couple":[124],"Gj":[126],"proteins,":[127,534],"whereas":[128,227,277,585],"A2A":[131,263],"A2B":[133,279,415,452,554],"activate":[135],"Gs":[136],"In":[138],"order":[139],"describe":[141],"receptor":[143,178,197,282,370,400,519,627,645,747,795],"pharmacology":[144],"signaling":[146,348,460,628,639],"recombinant":[148,201,648],"human":[149,209,686],"were":[152],"stably":[153],"transfected":[154],"into":[155],"Chinese":[156,691,716,770],"hamster":[157,692,717],"ovary":[158,693,718],"(CHO)":[159],"cells,":[160],"normally":[162],"do":[163],"not":[164,186,594],"express":[165,192],"receptors.":[167,258],"This":[168],"advantage":[171],"description":[174],"single":[176,643],"subtypes":[179,646],"since":[180,189],"sufficiently":[181],"specific":[182],"pharmacological":[183,464],"tools":[184,470],"available":[187],"most":[190],"more":[193],"than":[194],"one":[195],"subtype.":[198],"Furthermore,":[199,572],"this":[200,573],"cellular":[202,217],"system":[203],"allows":[204],"comparison":[206],"front":[213],"a":[215,425,564],"background.":[218],"Human":[219,706,764],"are,":[222],"indeed,":[223],"activated":[224,268,285,641],"adenosine,":[226],"metabolite":[229],"inosine":[230,244],"only":[232,284],"active":[233],"at":[234,269,293,300,305,420,429,685],"receptor,":[240,304,453,555,584],"even":[242],"there":[243],"has":[245],"low":[246],"potency":[247,440,679],"efficacy.":[249],"Thus,":[250],"main":[254],"ligand":[255,378],"Moreover,":[259],"may":[265,297,495,651],"be":[266,509],"constitutively":[267],"basal":[270],"(30":[273],"-":[274,292,296,618],"300":[275],"nM),":[276],"when":[286],"increased.":[290],"Inosine":[291],"high":[294,435,439],"have":[298],"least":[306],"where":[307],"it":[308],"highly":[310],"expressed.":[311],"affects":[313],"cell":[314,649],"growth":[315,582],"positively":[316],"negatively.":[318],"An":[319],"important":[320],"role":[321],"mitogenesis":[323],"played":[325],"m":[330],"itogen":[331],"-activated":[332],"kinases":[334],"(MAPK)":[335],"we":[337,455],"show":[338],"that":[339,402],"expressed":[343,689,714],"CHO":[345,414],"mediate":[347,721],"MAPK":[351],"signal-regulated":[353],"kinase":[354,473,540,569,612,726,799],"1/2":[355,800],"(ERK1/2).":[356],"ERK1/2":[357,387,411,445,522,561,597],"phosphorylation":[358,412,723],"time-":[360],"dose-dependently":[362],"upon":[364],"stimulation":[365],"unspecific":[368],"agonist":[371,684],"5-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine":[372],"(NECA)":[373],"endogenous":[377],"showed":[382],"different":[383],"efficacy":[384,436],"mediating":[386],"phosphorylation:":[388],"A3>A1>A2A>A2B.":[389],"EC50":[391],"value":[392],"A2A,":[397],"mirrored":[401],"e.g.":[406],"adenylyl":[407,475],"cyclase,":[408],"but":[409,566,634],"NECA-induced":[410],"was":[417],"half-maximal":[418,426],"already":[419],"20":[421],"nM,":[422],"compared":[423],"cAMP":[427,602,615],"1.4":[430],"muM.":[431],"Due":[432,482],"agonists":[442],"induce":[444],"activation":[446,535,562,586],"via":[447,801,805],"respectively,":[454],"specifically":[456],"examined":[457],"these":[458],"intracellular":[459,638,742],"pathways,":[461],"using":[462],"molecular":[466,623],"biological":[467],"tools.":[468],"Pharmacological":[469],"such":[471,493],"as":[472,682,745],"cyclase":[476],"inhibitors,":[477],"however,":[478],"caused":[479],"unexpected":[480],"problems.":[481],"structural":[484],"similarity,":[485],"inhibitors":[486,740],"binding":[487,514,605],"ATP-binding":[490],"site":[491,503],"enzymes":[494],"also":[496],"bind":[497],"block":[500],"ligand-binding":[502],"could":[508],"shown":[510],"competitive":[512],"radioligand":[513],"experiments.":[515],"signals":[520],"release":[525],"beta-gamma":[527],"subunits":[528],"from":[529,762],"pertussis":[530],"toxin":[531],"sensitive":[532],"phosphatidyl":[537],"i":[538],"nositol-3-":[539],"(P13K),":[541],"small":[543,589],"GTP-binding":[544,590],"Ras":[546],"MAPKK":[549],"MEK.":[550],"Gs-coupled":[552],"other":[558],"hand,":[559],"accomplishes":[560],"cAMP-dependent":[565,567,806],"(PKA)-independent":[570],"manner.":[571],"pathway":[574],"uses":[575],"P13K":[576],"transactivation":[578],"epidermal":[581],"factor":[583],"Rap1":[592],"necessary":[595],"activation.":[598],"Signaling":[599,760],"response":[603],"element":[604],"(CREB)":[607],"stress-activated":[610],"p38":[613,804],"involves":[614],"PKA":[617],"independent":[619],"P13K.":[621],"aspects":[624],"vivo":[630,660],"still":[632],"obscure,":[633],"knowledge":[636],"pathways":[640],"systems":[650],"some":[653],"support":[654],"mechanisms":[656],"situation.":[661],"List":[662],"scientific":[664],"papers":[665],"I.":[666],"Fredholm":[667,703,736,757,788],"BB,":[668],"Irenius":[669],"E,":[670],"Kull":[671],"B,":[672],"Schulte":[673,701,734,755,786],"(2001).":[675],"Comparison":[676],"an":[683],"cells.":[694],"Biochem":[695],"Pharmacol.":[696,729,781],"61(4):":[697],"443-8.":[698],"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11226378":[699],"II.":[700],"G,":[702,735,756,787],"BB":[704,737,758,789],"(2000).":[705],"A(1),":[708],"A(2A),":[709],"A(2B),":[710],"A(3)":[712,766],"extracellular-regulated":[725],"1/2.":[727,779],"Mol":[728,780],"58(3):":[730],"477-82.":[731],"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10953039":[732],"III.":[733],"(2002).":[738,759,790],"Diverse":[739],"signalling":[743],"act":[744],"antagonists.":[748],"Cell":[749],"Signal.":[750],"14(2):":[751],"109-13.":[752],"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11781134":[753],"IV.":[754],"Pathway":[761],"Receptor":[767],"Expressed":[768],"Hamster":[771],"Ovary":[772],"Cells":[773],"Extracellular":[776],"Signal-Regulated":[777],"Kinase":[778],"62(5):":[782],"1137-1146.":[783],"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12391277":[784],"V.":[785],"G(S)-coupled":[792],"A(2B)":[794],"regulates":[796],"extracellular-signal":[797],"regulated":[798],"phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase":[802],"[Manuscript]":[809]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}