{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115199403","doi":null,"title":"Validation and Psychometric Properties of Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS) in University Students of Tehran.","display_name":"Validation and Psychometric Properties of Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS) in University Students of Tehran.","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115199403","mag":"2115199403","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26005477","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4434425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4434425","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4434425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4434425","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034972310","display_name":"Soroush Mohammadi Kalhori","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928221","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04admxj95","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soroush Mohammadi Kalhori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616844","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Mohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-4617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-4617","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5938","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-222X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928221","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04admxj95","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Mohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020726254","display_name":"Seyyed Salman Alavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-2605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-2605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928221","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04admxj95","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyyed Salman Alavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002082414","display_name":"Fereshteh Jannatifard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108141","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01hw7wf62","country_code":"IR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108141"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fereshteh Jannatifard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010106989","display_name":"Ghazal Sepahbodi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928221","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04admxj95","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghazal Sepahbodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009157262","display_name":"Mohammad Baba Reisi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928221","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04admxj95","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Baba Reisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082338463","display_name":"Sahar Sajedi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928221","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04admxj95","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahar Sajedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063209859","display_name":"Mojtaba Farshchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928221","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04admxj95","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Farshchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048847481","display_name":"Rasul KhodaKarami","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928221","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04admxj95","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasul KhodaKarami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091784648","display_name":"Vahid Hatami Kasvaee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403928221","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04admxj95","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Hatami Kasvaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403928221","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97462803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14434","display_name":"Historical and Modern Theater Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone-dependency","display_name":"mobile phone dependency","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-validation","display_name":"psychometric validation","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persian-version","display_name":"Persian version","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preoccupation","display_name":"preoccupation","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/withdrawal-symptoms","display_name":"withdrawal symptoms","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone-overuse","display_name":"mobile phone overuse","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questionnaire-reliability","display_name":"questionnaire reliability","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff-values","display_name":"cut-off values","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5993999242782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5529801249504089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.5346777439117432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5052736401557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4759882688522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33971744775772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2458374798297882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22465506196022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1772480309009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1001998782157898}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4434425","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4434425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26005477","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26005477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iranian journal of psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e13f086b9e148748800506743064990","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9e13f086b9e148748800506743064990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 10, Iss 1 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2115199403","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26005477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4434425","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4434425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iran J Psychiatry","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550876491","https://openalex.org/W1707077425","https://openalex.org/W1963738667","https://openalex.org/W1969567791","https://openalex.org/W2000772885","https://openalex.org/W2009328439","https://openalex.org/W2015676077","https://openalex.org/W2022991558","https://openalex.org/W2048316820","https://openalex.org/W2078891734","https://openalex.org/W2119607767","https://openalex.org/W2161376822","https://openalex.org/W2167998655","https://openalex.org/W2215862833","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137849662","https://openalex.org/W1550876491","https://openalex.org/W2240051859","https://openalex.org/W7128757152","https://openalex.org/W2443739412","https://openalex.org/W7099284333","https://openalex.org/W1819182583","https://openalex.org/W4311424286","https://openalex.org/W3033252175","https://openalex.org/W2009131160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Despite":[1],"the":[2,5,44,162,169,180,210,216,222],"fact":[3],"that":[4],"mobile":[6,22,150,219],"phone":[7],"has":[8,18],"become":[9],"a":[10,25,57,92,125,201],"pervasive":[11],"technology":[12],"of":[13,38,47,127,149,161,168,179,212,218],"our":[14,39],"time,":[15],"little":[16],"research":[17],"been":[19],"done":[20],"on":[21,96,230],"dependency.":[23],"Therefore,":[24],"valid":[26],"and":[27,117,130,136,147,155],"reliable":[28,202],"instrument,":[29],"conforming":[30],"to":[31,42,77,199,208],"Iranian":[32,45,223],"culture":[33],"seems":[34],"essential.":[35],"The":[36,176,184,196],"aim":[37],"study":[40],"was":[41,56,75,98,164,171,182,193],"validate":[43],"version":[46],"MPPUS":[48,163,181,197],"(Mobile":[49],"Phone":[50,86],"Problematic":[51],"Use":[52],"Scale).":[53],"METHODS:":[54],"This":[55],"cross-sectional":[58],"research,":[59],"in":[60,152,221],"which":[61],"data":[62],"were":[63,104],"collected":[64],"from":[65],"600":[66],"students":[67],"studying":[68],"at":[69],"Tehran":[70],"universities.":[71],"Stratified":[72],"sampling":[73],"method":[74],"used":[76],"collect":[78],"data.":[79],"All":[80],"participants":[81],"completed":[82],"Demographic":[83],"Questionnaire,":[84],"Cellular":[85],"Dependency":[87],"Questionnaire":[88],"(CPDQ)":[89],"anonymously.":[90],"Finally,":[91],"clinical":[93],"interview":[94],"(based":[95],"DSM-IV-TR)":[97],"conducted":[99],"with":[100,204],"100":[101],"participants.":[102],"Data":[103],"analyzed":[105],"using":[106],"concurrent":[107],"validity,":[108],"factor":[109,131,206],"analysis,":[110],"internal":[111],"consistency":[112,158],"(Cronbach's'\u03b1),":[113],"split":[114],"half,":[115],"test-retest":[116,177],"ROC":[118],"Curve":[119],"by":[120,133,215],"SPSS18":[121],"Software.":[122],"RESULTS:":[123],"As":[124],"result":[126],"reliability":[128],"analysis":[129,132],"principal":[134],"component":[135],"Varimax":[137],"rotation,":[138],"we":[139],"extracted":[140],"three":[141],"factors":[142,170],"including":[143],"preoccupation,":[144],"withdrawal":[145],"symptoms":[146],"overuse":[148],"phones":[151,220],"both":[153],"males":[154],"females.":[156],"Internal":[157],"(Cronbach's":[159],"alpha)":[160],".91;":[165],"Cronbach's":[166],"alpha":[167],".87,":[172],".70,":[173],".82":[174],"respectively.":[175],"correlation":[178],".56.":[183],"best":[185],"cut":[186],"off":[187],"point":[188],"for":[189],"this":[190,231],"questionnaire":[191,203],"(MPPUS)":[192],"160.":[194],"CONCLUSION:":[195],"proved":[198],"be":[200],"adequate":[205],"models":[207],"assess":[209],"extent":[211],"problems":[213],"caused":[214],"\"misuse\"":[217],"society;":[224],"however,":[225],"further":[226],"studies":[227],"are":[228],"needed":[229],"topic.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}