{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115198014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107755802237811","title":"From Physician to Consumer: The Effectiveness of Strategies to Manage Health Care Utilization","display_name":"From Physician to Consumer: The Effectiveness of Strategies to Manage Health Care Utilization","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115198014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107755802237811","mag":"2115198014","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12508705","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1635490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/107755802237811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107755802237811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107755802237811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106284948","display_name":"Medical Care Research and Review","issn_l":"1077-5587","issn":["1077-5587","1552-6801"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Care Research and Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1635490","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041841214","display_name":"Kathryn E. Flynn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-3583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-3583"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn E. Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041375538","display_name":"Maureen A. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-000X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-000X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maureen A. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026701200","display_name":"Margaret K. Davis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret K. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1432,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92861158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":"455","last_page":"481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13555","display_name":"Healthcare cost, quality, practices","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-utilization","display_name":"health care utilization","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managed-care","display_name":"managed care","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-behavior","display_name":"physician behavior","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-incentives","display_name":"financial incentives","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utilization-review","display_name":"utilization review","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gatekeeping","display_name":"gatekeeping","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider-selection","display_name":"service provider selection","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-education","display_name":"patient education","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-choice","display_name":"consumer choice","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-delivery-systems","display_name":"health care delivery systems","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provider-networks","display_name":"provider networks","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73380752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609087","display_name":"Gatekeeping","level":2,"score":0.8709511756896973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7848173379898071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780265253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416012","display_name":"Managed care","level":3,"score":0.6605032682418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5698757767677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5688937306404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776314989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833495","display_name":"Consumer choice","level":2,"score":0.45361873507499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.44318240880966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780062483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7902865","display_name":"Utilization management","level":3,"score":0.43257221579551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34729257225990295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.33628806471824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3350444436073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3279200494289398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14735975861549377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.07888373732566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003258","descriptor_name":"Consumer Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006302","descriptor_name":"Health Services Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010816","descriptor_name":"Physician Incentive Plans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014600","descriptor_name":"Utilization Review","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015273","descriptor_name":"Insurance Selection Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016134","descriptor_name":"Organizational Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017047","descriptor_name":"Cost Sharing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017410","descriptor_name":"Practice Guidelines as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017723","descriptor_name":"Drug Utilization Review","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019090","descriptor_name":"Case Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020793","descriptor_name":"Gatekeeping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/107755802237811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107755802237811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107755802237811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106284948","display_name":"Medical Care Research and Review","issn_l":"1077-5587","issn":["1077-5587","1552-6801"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Care Research and Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12508705","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12508705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical care research and review : MCRR","raw_type":"Evaluation Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1341636","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1635490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1341636","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1635490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6977887220","display_name":"Older Adults and Specialty Care Use in Managed Care","funder_award_id":"R01AG019747","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":132,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42712822","https://openalex.org/W66864636","https://openalex.org/W81816426","https://openalex.org/W84046744","https://openalex.org/W119426135","https://openalex.org/W148422915","https://openalex.org/W171567886","https://openalex.org/W194806228","https://openalex.org/W207366606","https://openalex.org/W1447730478","https://openalex.org/W1513589322","https://openalex.org/W1542175116","https://openalex.org/W1556994109","https://openalex.org/W1688304374","https://openalex.org/W1749106605","https://openalex.org/W1964663897","https://openalex.org/W1965417958","https://openalex.org/W1967189270","https://openalex.org/W1967872201","https://openalex.org/W1969899003","https://openalex.org/W1970472887","https://openalex.org/W1973483450","https://openalex.org/W1976247805","https://openalex.org/W1976338531","https://openalex.org/W1980278232","https://openalex.org/W1981400547","https://openalex.org/W1985252606","https://openalex.org/W1985403599","https://openalex.org/W1986179577","https://openalex.org/W1989252935","https://openalex.org/W1990307331","https://openalex.org/W1992335750","https://openalex.org/W1997009480","https://openalex.org/W1997218049","https://openalex.org/W2001948180","https://openalex.org/W2002299635","https://openalex.org/W2008601791","https://openalex.org/W2008651979","https://openalex.org/W2009400334","https://openalex.org/W2009842756","https://openalex.org/W2010256798","https://openalex.org/W2013978264","https://openalex.org/W2015062058","https://openalex.org/W2016162835","https://openalex.org/W2016677237","https://openalex.org/W2017286654","https://openalex.org/W2023074859","https://openalex.org/W2026083453","https://openalex.org/W2032784558","https://openalex.org/W2037744344","https://openalex.org/W2044134462","https://openalex.org/W2047561434","https://openalex.org/W2047805825","https://openalex.org/W2049163380","https://openalex.org/W2050695752","https://openalex.org/W2051793722","https://openalex.org/W2052828045","https://openalex.org/W2055825639","https://openalex.org/W2062233466","https://openalex.org/W2062581042","https://openalex.org/W2065608759","https://openalex.org/W2073028009","https://openalex.org/W2073469631","https://openalex.org/W2075743811","https://openalex.org/W2077268598","https://openalex.org/W2081462206","https://openalex.org/W2082091885","https://openalex.org/W2082507366","https://openalex.org/W2087816928","https://openalex.org/W2088170359","https://openalex.org/W2089091745","https://openalex.org/W2092816695","https://openalex.org/W2095818009","https://openalex.org/W2096078688","https://openalex.org/W2100111790","https://openalex.org/W2105501846","https://openalex.org/W2109862104","https://openalex.org/W2110488405","https://openalex.org/W2114033371","https://openalex.org/W2117697139","https://openalex.org/W2120314896","https://openalex.org/W2121954808","https://openalex.org/W2123896232","https://openalex.org/W2129262342","https://openalex.org/W2143897632","https://openalex.org/W2150433854","https://openalex.org/W2151027782","https://openalex.org/W2155130216","https://openalex.org/W2155520985","https://openalex.org/W2159776611","https://openalex.org/W2162750960","https://openalex.org/W2166858912","https://openalex.org/W2167830081","https://openalex.org/W2168700574","https://openalex.org/W2183421610","https://openalex.org/W2207646132","https://openalex.org/W2314867160","https://openalex.org/W2316375339","https://openalex.org/W2324093677","https://openalex.org/W2324774126","https://openalex.org/W2325241103","https://openalex.org/W2325489896","https://openalex.org/W2325909723","https://openalex.org/W2328933085","https://openalex.org/W2329671113","https://openalex.org/W2330069695","https://openalex.org/W2334443443","https://openalex.org/W2337319575","https://openalex.org/W2339181429","https://openalex.org/W2403519496","https://openalex.org/W2404750711","https://openalex.org/W2409128282","https://openalex.org/W2412795253","https://openalex.org/W2414685774","https://openalex.org/W2418084108","https://openalex.org/W2437308363","https://openalex.org/W2532291509","https://openalex.org/W2890594093","https://openalex.org/W3025848434","https://openalex.org/W3122540132","https://openalex.org/W3147500894","https://openalex.org/W4210432065","https://openalex.org/W4213270426","https://openalex.org/W4235203394","https://openalex.org/W4236577692","https://openalex.org/W4243714145","https://openalex.org/W4247891792","https://openalex.org/W4250400449","https://openalex.org/W4252971952","https://openalex.org/W4297792812","https://openalex.org/W4297974475","https://openalex.org/W4298049217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001948180","https://openalex.org/W76722020","https://openalex.org/W2415159700","https://openalex.org/W2413551156","https://openalex.org/W2070631680","https://openalex.org/W4388361089","https://openalex.org/W2034131794","https://openalex.org/W24968825","https://openalex.org/W2081753977","https://openalex.org/W2029288917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"strategies":[1,79],"are":[2,60,92,151],"commonly":[3],"used":[4],"to":[5,21,70,96,143,153],"influence":[6,22,144],"physician":[7,23,69,100,145],"behavior":[8,146],"in":[9,138,155],"managed":[10],"care":[11,52],"organizations.":[12],"This":[13],"review":[14,83],"examines":[15],"the":[16,37,68,74,125,132],"effectiveness":[17,90],"of":[18,39,89,122,127,135],"three":[19,47],"mechanisms":[20,59,115,142],"behavior:":[24],"financial":[25,55,64],"incentives":[26,65],"directed":[27,66,72],"at":[28,67,73],"providers":[29,41,123],"or":[30,124],"patients,":[31],"policies/procedures":[32],"for":[33],"managing":[34],"care,":[35,140],"and":[36,42,84,101],"selection/education":[38],"both":[40],"patients.":[43],"The":[44],"authors":[45],"reach":[46],"conclusions.":[48],"First,":[49],"all":[50],"health":[51,139],"systems":[53],"use":[54],"incentives,":[56],"but":[57,91,150],"these":[58],"shifting":[61],"away":[62],"from":[63],"those":[71],"consumer.":[75],"Second,":[76],"heavily":[77],"procedural":[78],"such":[80],"as":[81],"utilization":[82],"gatekeeping":[85],"show":[86],"some":[87],"evidence":[88],"highly":[93],"unpopular":[94],"due":[95],"their":[97],"restrictions":[98],"on":[99,109,119],"patient":[102],"choice.":[103],"Third,":[104],"a":[105],"future":[106],"system":[107],"built":[108],"consumer":[110],"choice":[111],"is":[112],"contradicted":[113],"by":[114],"that":[116],"rely":[117],"solely":[118],"narrow":[120],"networks":[121],"education":[126],"physicians.":[128],"If":[129],"patients":[130],"become":[131],"new":[133],"locus":[134],"decision":[136],"making":[137],"provider-focused":[141],"will":[147],"not":[148],"disappear":[149],"likely":[152],"decline":[154],"importance.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
