{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114709641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039198","title":"A case study on the hybridization of an electric vehicle into a fuel cell hybrid vehicle and the development of a solar powered hydrogen generating station","display_name":"A case study on the hybridization of an electric vehicle into a fuel cell hybrid vehicle and the development of a solar powered hydrogen generating station","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114709641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039198","mag":"2114709641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pes.2011.6039198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212590","display_name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","issn_l":"1932-5517","issn":["1932-5517","2693-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048293580","display_name":"Ngalula Sandrine Mubenga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1258-9794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1258-9794"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngalula Sandrine Mubenga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Division, SSOE, Toledo, OH, USA","Power Division, SSOE, 1001 Madison Av., Toledo, OH 43604 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Division, SSOE, Toledo, OH, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Division, SSOE, 1001 Madison Av., Toledo, OH 43604 USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102729892","display_name":"Thomas Andrew Stuart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-9940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-9940"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90871651","display_name":"University of Toledo","ror":"https://ror.org/01pbdzh19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Stuart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Toledo, OH, USA","Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, The University of Toledo, OH, 43606, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Toledo, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, The University of Toledo, OH, 43606, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.8130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.8130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.18379999697208405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-hybrid-vehicles","display_name":"fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle-conversion","display_name":"electric vehicle conversion","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-hydrogen-production","display_name":"solar hydrogen production","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-storage","display_name":"hydrogen storage","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-refueling-stations","display_name":"hydrogen refueling stations","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-range-extension","display_name":"driving range extension","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-emission-transportation","display_name":"zero-emission transportation","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118124095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6851593","display_name":"Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent","level":4,"score":0.6353353261947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5969403386116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9682599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11549077","display_name":"Hydrogen fuel","level":3,"score":0.5963043570518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5345596075057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5253557562828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.5243352055549622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113655042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387420","display_name":"Green vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5055413246154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4635097086429596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.4581855833530426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44066742062568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118334743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846292","display_name":"Zero emission","level":2,"score":0.432624876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.4281446635723114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31533271074295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3017587661743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2533397078514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.21682778000831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.20725607872009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10714444518089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pes.2011.6039198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2011.6039198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212590","display_name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","issn_l":"1932-5517","issn":["1932-5517","2693-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150156348","https://openalex.org/W1586787123","https://openalex.org/W1592038906","https://openalex.org/W1600013158","https://openalex.org/W2474487880","https://openalex.org/W4206432360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312755594","https://openalex.org/W2556727436","https://openalex.org/W4236100367","https://openalex.org/W4400119220","https://openalex.org/W1987719259","https://openalex.org/W2794114592","https://openalex.org/W4404295486","https://openalex.org/W3194014746","https://openalex.org/W7027652746","https://openalex.org/W2765609410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"they":[1],"do":[2],"not":[3],"emit":[4],"carbon":[5],"dioxide,":[6],"electric":[7,90,101,195],"vehicles":[8,63],"(EV)":[9],"have":[10],"emerged":[11],"as":[12,148],"a":[13,36,51,188,193,201,218,231,238],"non-emission":[14],"alternative":[15],"to":[16,30,40,49,117,137,158,186,197,200,230],"internal":[17],"combustion":[18],"engines.":[19],"However,":[20,70],"their":[21],"limited":[22],"driving":[23,43],"range":[24,44],"and":[25,79],"the":[26,32,42,56,73,76,80,84,93,97,104,115,135,139,160,182,210,235],"long":[27],"time":[28],"required":[29],"charge":[31],"battery":[33],"bank":[34],"remains":[35],"drawback.":[37],"One":[38],"solution":[39],"improve":[41],"of":[45,72,89,96,114,126,154,163,181,206,212],"an":[46],"EV":[47],"is":[48,157,169],"integrate":[50],"fuel":[52,60,77,118,138,189],"cell":[53,61,190],"(FC)":[54,191],"with":[55],"battery.":[57],"Like":[58],"EVs,":[59],"hybrid":[62],"(FCHVs)":[64],"produce":[65],"no":[66],"pollutants":[67],"during":[68],"operation.":[69],"production":[71,113],"hydrogen":[74,167,213,225],"for":[75,83],"cells":[78],"charging":[81],"current":[82],"batteries":[85],"requires":[86],"large":[87],"amounts":[88],"energy.":[91,174],"Since":[92],"vast":[94],"majority":[95],"energy":[98,136,145,216],"produced":[99,142,170],"by":[100,172],"utilities":[102],"in":[103,123],"US":[105],"comes":[106],"from":[107,143,217],"fossil":[108],"fuels":[109],"(mostly":[110],"coal),":[111],"traditional":[112],"electricity":[116],"FCHVs":[119],"will":[120,223,227],"still":[121],"result":[122],"high":[124],"levels":[125],"pollution.":[127],"This":[128],"pollution":[129],"could":[130],"be":[131,228],"avoided":[132],"entirely":[133],"if":[134],"FCHV":[140,164,236],"was":[141,185],"renewable":[144],"sources":[146],"such":[147],"wind":[149],"or":[150],"solar.":[151],"The":[152,175,203,221],"purpose":[153],"this":[155,179,207],"paper":[156,208],"demonstrate":[159],"technical":[161],"feasibility":[162],"transportation":[165],"using":[166,214],"that":[168,226],"primarily":[171],"solar":[173,215],"first":[176],"task":[177],"on":[178,192,234],"part":[180,205],"overall":[183],"project":[184],"implement":[187],"Kronosport":[194],"vehicle":[196],"convert":[198],"it":[199],"FCHV.":[202],"second":[204],"demonstrates":[209],"generation":[211],"photovoltaic":[219],"array.":[220],"electrolyzer":[222],"supply":[224],"transferred":[229],"storage":[232],"tank":[233],"via":[237],"dispenser":[239],"(fueling":[240],"station).":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
