{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114487151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/copd-120028701","title":"Alveolar Macrophages as Orchestrators of COPD","display_name":"Alveolar Macrophages as Orchestrators of COPD","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114487151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/copd-120028701","mag":"2114487151","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16997739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1081/copd-120028701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/copd-120028701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1081/copd-120028701","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1081/COPD-120028701?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15387528","display_name":"COPD Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","issn_l":"1541-2555","issn":["1541-2555","1541-2563"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320449","host_organization_name":"Informa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1081/COPD-120028701?needAccess=true&role=button","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030258071","display_name":"Peter John Barnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5122-4018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5122-4018","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-1564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, Dovehouse St., SW3 6LY, London, UK. p.j.barnes@ic.ac.uk","National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College School of Medicine Dovehouse St London SW3 6LY UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, Dovehouse St., SW3 6LY, London, UK. p.j.barnes@ic.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College School of Medicine Dovehouse St London SW3 6LY UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030258071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9553,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":363,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70858896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"59","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11651","display_name":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alveolar-macrophages","display_name":"alveolar macrophages","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-recruitment","display_name":"macrophage recruitment","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alveolar-bone-destruction","display_name":"alveolar destruction","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-proliferation","display_name":"macrophage proliferation","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokines","display_name":"cytokines","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemokines","display_name":"chemokines","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastolytic-enzymes","display_name":"elastolytic enzymes","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steroid-resistance","display_name":"steroid resistance","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdac2","display_name":"HDAC2","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nf-kappab","display_name":"NF-\u03baB","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-therapy","display_name":"anti-inflammatory therapy","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resveratrol","display_name":"resveratrol","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theophylline-derivatives","display_name":"theophylline derivatives","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mapk-inhibitors","display_name":"MAPK inhibitors","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphodiesterase-4-inhibitors","display_name":"phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.7766069173812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13373296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421866","display_name":"Chemokine","level":3,"score":0.6463509798049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.6367912888526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6186195611953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5642703771591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.5005125999450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10162356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135939","display_name":"Pathophysiology","level":2,"score":0.4854651093482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448687","display_name":"Alveolar macrophage","level":4,"score":0.4572025239467621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.4380192756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170217031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6725509","display_name":"Macrophage inflammatory protein","level":4,"score":0.41883641481399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776816829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407329","display_name":"Resveratrol","level":2,"score":0.41525888442993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.3231087028980255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2713942527770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.24522465467453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23513910174369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19566836953163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.15796023607254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.10656392574310303}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010447","descriptor_name":"Peptide Hydrolases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010586","descriptor_name":"Phagocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010726","descriptor_name":"Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014665","descriptor_name":"Vasodilator Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016676","descriptor_name":"Macrophages, Alveolar","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016676","descriptor_name":"Macrophages, Alveolar","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029424","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036341","descriptor_name":"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1081/copd-120028701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/copd-120028701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1081/copd-120028701","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1081/COPD-120028701?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15387528","display_name":"COPD Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","issn_l":"1541-2555","issn":["1541-2555","1541-2563"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320449","host_organization_name":"Informa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16997739","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16997739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"COPD","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1081/copd-120028701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1081/copd-120028701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1081/copd-120028701","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1081/COPD-120028701?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15387528","display_name":"COPD Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","issn_l":"1541-2555","issn":["1541-2555","1541-2563"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320449","host_organization_name":"Informa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2114487151.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2114487151.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184726500","https://openalex.org/W338038585","https://openalex.org/W1489737645","https://openalex.org/W1516023099","https://openalex.org/W1552333098","https://openalex.org/W1595072120","https://openalex.org/W1822096040","https://openalex.org/W1881794291","https://openalex.org/W1926639789","https://openalex.org/W1929043473","https://openalex.org/W1960695714","https://openalex.org/W1972495472","https://openalex.org/W1978706974","https://openalex.org/W1979903363","https://openalex.org/W1980191732","https://openalex.org/W1985247559","https://openalex.org/W1990674750","https://openalex.org/W2004963486","https://openalex.org/W2007843481","https://openalex.org/W2013407710","https://openalex.org/W2013607764","https://openalex.org/W2014133471","https://openalex.org/W2014738267","https://openalex.org/W2020585064","https://openalex.org/W2021905781","https://openalex.org/W2021977327","https://openalex.org/W2023662838","https://openalex.org/W2029114978","https://openalex.org/W2030601160","https://openalex.org/W2031033693","https://openalex.org/W2040557727","https://openalex.org/W2041791106","https://openalex.org/W2041981966","https://openalex.org/W2044403651","https://openalex.org/W2044999953","https://openalex.org/W2045802827","https://openalex.org/W2049192788","https://openalex.org/W2051724020","https://openalex.org/W2055168512","https://openalex.org/W2058372496","https://openalex.org/W2062880818","https://openalex.org/W2080097192","https://openalex.org/W2081920314","https://openalex.org/W2083756305","https://openalex.org/W2095757032","https://openalex.org/W2095951640","https://openalex.org/W2097611918","https://openalex.org/W2100358681","https://openalex.org/W2100561361","https://openalex.org/W2103056561","https://openalex.org/W2103570345","https://openalex.org/W2111220263","https://openalex.org/W2112509615","https://openalex.org/W2112535702","https://openalex.org/W2113879774","https://openalex.org/W2117560139","https://openalex.org/W2118810030","https://openalex.org/W2118956711","https://openalex.org/W2120702538","https://openalex.org/W2121428870","https://openalex.org/W2131436543","https://openalex.org/W2131523916","https://openalex.org/W2133024000","https://openalex.org/W2134140400","https://openalex.org/W2137200414","https://openalex.org/W2143412049","https://openalex.org/W2144897212","https://openalex.org/W2147064547","https://openalex.org/W2149215904","https://openalex.org/W2149760667","https://openalex.org/W2151181789","https://openalex.org/W2151949719","https://openalex.org/W2152194899","https://openalex.org/W2153982964","https://openalex.org/W2156634951","https://openalex.org/W2158351251","https://openalex.org/W2158535592","https://openalex.org/W2158549296","https://openalex.org/W2160443208","https://openalex.org/W2163984817","https://openalex.org/W2165220572","https://openalex.org/W2166084959","https://openalex.org/W2166505581","https://openalex.org/W2168760383","https://openalex.org/W2183819932","https://openalex.org/W2259200932","https://openalex.org/W2312278157","https://openalex.org/W2430307961","https://openalex.org/W4240000737","https://openalex.org/W4246946035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2403310127","https://openalex.org/W1920107627","https://openalex.org/W2313936276","https://openalex.org/W2794226421","https://openalex.org/W1576031497","https://openalex.org/W2118045829","https://openalex.org/W2062695390","https://openalex.org/W2914683263","https://openalex.org/W2130515819","https://openalex.org/W2284511291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alveolar":[0,72,109],"macrophages":[1,47,73,110,156],"play":[2],"a":[3,13,63,136],"critical":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,25,58,69,160],"the":[7,26,59,70,104,118,146,161,166],"pathophysiology":[8],"of":[9,31,40,46,53,84,103,107,121,132,169],"COPD":[10,34,75,112],"and":[11,28,35,61,81,94,123,130,181],"are":[12,22,36,157],"major":[14],"target":[15],"for":[16,101],"future":[17,162],"anti-inflammatory":[18,119,152],"therapy.":[19],"Macrophage":[20],"numbers":[21,45],"markedly":[23],"increased":[24,44,51,67,79],"lung":[27,60],"alveolar":[29,41],"space":[30],"patients":[32,76],"with":[33,165],"localized":[37],"to":[38,62,66,114,117,127,163],"sites":[39],"destruction.":[42],"The":[43],"may":[48,173],"result":[49],"from":[50,74],"recruitment":[52],"blood":[54],"monocytes,":[55],"prolonged":[56],"survival":[57],"lesser":[64],"extent":[65],"proliferation":[68],"lung.":[71],"have":[77],"an":[78],"baseline":[80],"stimulated":[82],"secretion":[83],"inflammatory":[85,142],"proteins,":[86],"including":[87],"certain":[88],"cytokines,":[89],"chemokines,":[90],"reactive":[91],"oxygen":[92],"species":[93],"elastolytic":[95],"enzymes,":[96],"which":[97],"together":[98],"could":[99],"account":[100],"all":[102],"pathophysiological":[105],"features":[106],"COPD.":[108,170],"form":[111],"appear":[113],"be":[115],"resistant":[116],"effects":[120],"corticosteriods":[122],"this":[124],"is":[125],"linked":[126],"reduced":[128],"activity":[129],"expression":[131],"histone":[133],"deacetylase":[134],"2,":[135],"nuclear":[137,149],"enzyme":[138],"that":[139,154],"switches":[140],"off":[141],"genes":[143],"activated":[144],"through":[145],"transcription":[147],"factor":[148],"factor-KB.":[150],"Alternative":[151],"therapies":[153],"inhibit":[155],"therefore":[158],"needed":[159],"deal":[164],"chronic":[167],"inflammation":[168],"These":[171],"drugs":[172],"include":[174],"resveratrol,":[175],"theophylline":[176],"derivatives,":[177],"MAP":[178],"kinase":[179],"inhibitors":[180],"phosphodiesterase-4":[182],"inhibitors.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}