{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114240202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984181","title":"Access to Capital, Investment, and the Financial Crisis","display_name":"Access to Capital, Investment, and the Financial Crisis","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114240202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984181","mag":"2114240202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1984181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984181","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037283752","display_name":"Kathleen M. Kahle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-3527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-3527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136188","display_name":"European Corporate Governance Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04egehb02","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]}],"countries":["BE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen M. Kahle","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), c/o the Royal Academies of Belgium, Rue Ducale 1 Hertogsstraat, 1000 Brussels, Belgium","University of Arizona - Department of Finance, McClelland Hall, P.O. Box 210108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0108, United States","European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)","University of Arizona - Department of Finance"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI), c/o the Royal Academies of Belgium, Rue Ducale 1 Hertogsstraat, 1000 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona - Department of Finance, McClelland Hall, P.O. Box 210108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0108, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona - Department of Finance","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004620923","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 M. Stulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-4806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-4806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136188","display_name":"European Corporate Governance Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04egehb02","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["BE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rene M. Stulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Ohio State University (OSU) - Department of Finance"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio State University (OSU) - Department of Finance","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004620923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853","https://openalex.org/I4210136188","https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12123","display_name":"Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2008-financial-crisis","display_name":"2008 financial crisis","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-expenditure","display_name":"capital expenditure","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-borrowing","display_name":"corporate borrowing","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-lending","display_name":"bank lending","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-dependent-firms","display_name":"bank-dependent firms","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-issuance","display_name":"share issuance","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cash-hoarding","display_name":"cash hoarding","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-leverage","display_name":"leverage","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lehman-bankruptcy","display_name":"Lehman bankruptcy","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778300220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114380","display_name":"Financial crisis","level":2,"score":0.6841185092926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6107888221740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.5879555940628052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5289433002471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.45459607243537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4309671223163605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.306522399187088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11874547600746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.07147413492202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1984181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1984181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1984181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535301829","https://openalex.org/W1595006257","https://openalex.org/W1797581819","https://openalex.org/W1805699599","https://openalex.org/W1907533276","https://openalex.org/W1954567002","https://openalex.org/W2000578291","https://openalex.org/W2047582865","https://openalex.org/W2096206955","https://openalex.org/W2106827741","https://openalex.org/W2135054946","https://openalex.org/W2135079280","https://openalex.org/W2135633464","https://openalex.org/W2144836007","https://openalex.org/W2145916897","https://openalex.org/W2152069162","https://openalex.org/W2152999879","https://openalex.org/W2153720349","https://openalex.org/W2169951764","https://openalex.org/W2171443468","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2889965213","https://openalex.org/W2890758903","https://openalex.org/W3121245601","https://openalex.org/W3121412040","https://openalex.org/W3121938770","https://openalex.org/W3122029425","https://openalex.org/W3122064838","https://openalex.org/W3122328812","https://openalex.org/W3122398884","https://openalex.org/W3123488495","https://openalex.org/W3123826726","https://openalex.org/W3123910919","https://openalex.org/W3124019412","https://openalex.org/W3124269021","https://openalex.org/W3124796920","https://openalex.org/W3125000257","https://openalex.org/W3125654204","https://openalex.org/W3126113144","https://openalex.org/W4234246145","https://openalex.org/W4236492102","https://openalex.org/W4236584637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1801853828","https://openalex.org/W2802600","https://openalex.org/W3124796920","https://openalex.org/W7095920129","https://openalex.org/W3123121479","https://openalex.org/W3125980835","https://openalex.org/W4233685385","https://openalex.org/W1128758663","https://openalex.org/W2067390262","https://openalex.org/W148954561"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}