{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114022306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1299313","title":"The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire","display_name":"The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114022306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1299313","mag":"2114022306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1299313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1299313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1299313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1299313","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000675664","display_name":"Steven J. Friesen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven J. Friesen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054855249","display_name":"Walter Scheidel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-0328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-0328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Walter Scheidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2145, United States","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-0328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2145, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054855249"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.6255000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.6255000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.3433000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14162","display_name":"Historical and Literary Studies","score":0.013899999670684338,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roman-empire","display_name":"Roman Empire","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-size","display_name":"economic size","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-inequality","display_name":"economic inequality","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product-estimation","display_name":"gross domestic product estimation","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"consumption","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-distribution","display_name":"demand distribution","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2nd-century-ad","display_name":"2nd century AD","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-production","display_name":"wheat production","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sesterces","display_name":"sesterces","score":0.9520000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778495208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48349","display_name":"Empire","level":2,"score":0.7026255130767822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5411417484283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519300510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542","display_name":"Income distribution","level":3,"score":0.4448419511318207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4048169255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.40371906757354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.33672499656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33185669779777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.29046210646629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2015669345855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15130728483200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.09503155946731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1299313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1299313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1299313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1299313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1299313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1299313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2575748351","https://openalex.org/W3023481298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964538673","https://openalex.org/W4226013389","https://openalex.org/W7037279085","https://openalex.org/W4405350823","https://openalex.org/W7070599889","https://openalex.org/W4388390574","https://openalex.org/W2074325267","https://openalex.org/W6959709793","https://openalex.org/W7131229723","https://openalex.org/W595835701"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}