{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113952182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00372.x","title":"In vitro evaluation of the effect of electrotreatment on skin permeability","display_name":"In vitro evaluation of the effect of electrotreatment on skin permeability","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113952182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00372.x","mag":"2113952182","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18482013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00372.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00372.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00372.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169297576","display_name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","issn_l":"1473-2130","issn":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:22662","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010635794","display_name":"Fabio Marra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-7925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-7925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97565354","display_name":"University of Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}],"countries":["CH","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Marra","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland","Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229","https://openalex.org/I97565354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108912537","display_name":"Jean-Luc L\u00e9vy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109733","display_name":"Centre Ophtalmologique d'Imagerie et de Laser","ror":"https://ror.org/01ddmwy83","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109733"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean\u2010Luc Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Laser Dermatologique, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Laser Dermatologique, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076630196","display_name":"Patrizia Santi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-7894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-7894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrizia Santi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Universita\u0300 di Parma, Parma, Italy","Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Universita\u0300 di Parma, Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075835563","display_name":"Yogeshvar N. Kalia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9049-5489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9049-5489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97565354","display_name":"University of Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yogeshvar N Kalia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229","https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075835563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229","https://openalex.org/I97565354"],"apc_list":{"value":3020,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3020},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60292276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"105","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11455","display_name":"Microbial Inactivation Methods","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11172","display_name":"Dermatologic Treatments and Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-permeability","display_name":"skin permeability","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transdermal-drug-delivery","display_name":"transdermal drug delivery","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine","display_name":"caffeine","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcein","display_name":"calcein","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhancement-factor","display_name":"enhancement factor","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratum-corneum","display_name":"stratum corneum","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porcine-ear-skin","display_name":"porcine ear skin","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal-microscopy","display_name":"confocal microscopy","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776872141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413006","display_name":"Calcein","level":3,"score":0.7747992873191833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50670333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907651","display_name":"Permeation","level":3,"score":0.7708028554916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7313127517700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778370115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2038676","display_name":"Stratum corneum","level":2,"score":0.7236208319664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778500429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235","display_name":"Caffeine","level":2,"score":0.614942193031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.5235723853111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780532717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866990","display_name":"Cosmeceutical","level":2,"score":0.4849972426891327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181389837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461809","display_name":"Bioavailability","level":2,"score":0.4718228280544281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120882062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352","display_name":"Permeability (electromagnetism)","level":3,"score":0.43960848450660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.42381057143211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779178360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902045","display_name":"Confocal microscopy","level":2,"score":0.41725385189056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777459323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5259911","display_name":"Human skin","level":2,"score":0.41265150904655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.39469072222709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.2967543601989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.2613115906715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1621798574924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07831928133964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07356604933738708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000279","descriptor_name":"Administration, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001205","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001205","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004058","descriptor_name":"Diffusion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004423","descriptor_name":"Ear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005452","descriptor_name":"Fluoresceins","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005782","descriptor_name":"Gels","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007478","descriptor_name":"Iontophoresis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010539","descriptor_name":"Permeability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018274","descriptor_name":"Electroporation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018613","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Confocal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00372.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00372.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00372.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169297576","display_name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","issn_l":"1473-2130","issn":["1473-2130","1473-2165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18482013","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18482013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cosmetic dermatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:unige:22662","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:22662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1473-2130","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:aou:unige:22662","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:22662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1473-2130","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:aou:unige:22662","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:22662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1473-2130","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323830","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968770683","https://openalex.org/W1979729794","https://openalex.org/W1997488570","https://openalex.org/W2014720564","https://openalex.org/W2020687642","https://openalex.org/W2029363353","https://openalex.org/W2035514016","https://openalex.org/W2047592628","https://openalex.org/W2092876584","https://openalex.org/W2093006004","https://openalex.org/W2141095211","https://openalex.org/W2494097376","https://openalex.org/W3102433126","https://openalex.org/W4240820823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347187115","https://openalex.org/W2019480778","https://openalex.org/W2032985249","https://openalex.org/W1993942183","https://openalex.org/W4253158856","https://openalex.org/W2030958768","https://openalex.org/W2092776514","https://openalex.org/W2354368440","https://openalex.org/W2354319646","https://openalex.org/W2414729056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Stratum":[1],"corneum":[2],"composition":[3],"and":[4,11,21,33,62,123,135,144,224],"structure":[5],"limit":[6],"cutaneous":[7],"bioavailability":[8],"of":[9,23,31,42,50,60,75,80,97,121,133,142,153,208,228],"pharmaceutical":[10],"cosmetical":[12],"agents.":[13],"Electrically":[14],"assisted":[15],"transport":[16],"can":[17],"increase":[18],"the":[19,29,37,48,57,73,78,89,99,109,113,119,126,204,225,231],"rate":[20],"extent":[22],"delivery;":[24],"moreover,":[25],"it":[26],"also":[27],"enables":[28],"administration":[30],"polar":[32],"charged":[34],"molecules":[35],"into":[36,203,230],"skin.":[38,127,232],"AIMS:":[39],"The":[40,166,188],"objective":[41],"this":[43],"study":[44],"was":[45,69,86,171,200],"to":[46,71,210,212],"investigate":[47],"effect":[49,74,167],"electrotreatment":[51,76,114,143,180,194,220],"on":[52,77,168],"skin":[53,85,222],"permeability":[54,223],"by":[55],"measuring":[56],"cumulative":[58,226],"delivery":[59,227],"caffeine":[61,100,122,169],"sodium":[63,102],"ascorbyl":[64,103],"phosphate.":[65],"Furthermore,":[66],"confocal":[67,189],"microscopy":[68,190],"used":[70,87],"visualize":[72],"penetration":[79],"calcein.":[81],"METHODS:":[82],"Porcine":[83],"ear":[84],"for":[88,131,160,177,185],"in":[90,125],"vitro":[91],"permeation":[92,170],"studies,":[93],"which":[94],"involved":[95],"application":[96],"either":[98,145,161],"or":[101,148,163],"phosphate":[104],"(NAP)":[105],"containing":[106],"gels":[107],"using":[108],"roll-on":[110],"supplied":[111],"with":[112,157,182],"device.":[115],"RESULTS:":[116],"Electrotreatment":[117],"increased":[118,196],"amount":[120],"NAP":[124,132],"Enhancement":[128],"factors":[129],"(EF)":[130],"7.2":[134],"14.9":[136],"were":[137],"observed":[138,201],"following":[139],"20":[140,162,178,186],"min":[141,152,179],"immediate":[146],"sampling":[147],"a":[149],"further":[150],"60":[151,211],"passive":[154,158,183],"diffusion":[155,159,184],"compared":[156,181],"80":[164,213],"min.":[165],"less":[172],"significant":[173],"(EF":[174],"=":[175],"2.1":[176],"min).":[187],"images":[191],"showed":[192],"that":[193,219],"significantly":[195],"calcein":[197],"permeation;":[198],"fluorescence":[199],"deep":[202],"viable":[205],"epidermis-reaching":[206],"depths":[207],"up":[209],"microns.":[214],"CONCLUSIONS:":[215],"We":[216],"have":[217],"shown":[218],"increases":[221],"cosmeticals":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}