{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113902248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.490","title":"Parental Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Childhood-Onset and Adult-Onset Schizophrenia","display_name":"Parental Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Childhood-Onset and Adult-Onset Schizophrenia","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113902248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.490","mag":"2113902248","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12611830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013334134","display_name":"Rob Nicolson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-7038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-7038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Nicolson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074493619","display_name":"Frances B. Brookner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frances B. Brookner","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005532882","display_name":"Marge Lenane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marge Lenane","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010205582","display_name":"Peter Gochman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-3155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-3155"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Gochman","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112093486","display_name":"Loring J. Ingraham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loring J. Ingraham","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108779038","display_name":"Michael F. Egan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael F. Egan","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011961838","display_name":"Kenneth S. Kendler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8689-6570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8689-6570","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0864-4380"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth S. Kendler","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113554926","display_name":"David Pickar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Pickar","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043264677","display_name":"Daniel R. Weinberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-2969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-2969","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1178-8086"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel R. Weinberger","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016908990","display_name":"Judith L. Rapoport","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith L. Rapoport","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9398009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"160","issue":"3","first_page":"490","last_page":"495"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12980","display_name":"Family Caregiving in Mental Illness","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-onset-schizophrenia","display_name":"childhood schizophrenia","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-onset-schizophrenia","display_name":"adult-onset schizophrenia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders","display_name":"schizophrenia spectrum disorders","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-mental-illness","display_name":"parental mental illness","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-risk","display_name":"genetic risk","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-history-medicine","display_name":"family history (medicine)","score":0.7509999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.7784246802330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.64393150806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.605105996131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018432486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575316","display_name":"Schizophrenia spectrum","level":3,"score":0.5993149876594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4691924","display_name":"Age of onset","level":3,"score":0.5679843425750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.500887393951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778566535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209220","display_name":"Diathesis","level":2,"score":0.4747239351272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781179581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857712","display_name":"Family history","level":2,"score":0.4220316410064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.38993167877197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.37905219197273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2883240580558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15864819288253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005192","descriptor_name":"Family Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010290","descriptor_name":"Parents","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011618","descriptor_name":"Psychotic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011618","descriptor_name":"Psychotic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011618","descriptor_name":"Psychotic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016241","descriptor_name":"Child of Impaired Parents","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017668","descriptor_name":"Age of Onset","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12611830","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12611830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of psychiatry","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90180531","https://openalex.org/W1900205057","https://openalex.org/W1976408965","https://openalex.org/W1979120127","https://openalex.org/W1982505168","https://openalex.org/W1983302342","https://openalex.org/W1984966177","https://openalex.org/W1985671176","https://openalex.org/W1987242535","https://openalex.org/W1997732001","https://openalex.org/W2024456944","https://openalex.org/W2025156429","https://openalex.org/W2026896885","https://openalex.org/W2026913926","https://openalex.org/W2035085197","https://openalex.org/W2051942459","https://openalex.org/W2066292095","https://openalex.org/W2079203989","https://openalex.org/W2084728497","https://openalex.org/W2091696580","https://openalex.org/W2121505354","https://openalex.org/W2139391643","https://openalex.org/W2150328000","https://openalex.org/W2154004292","https://openalex.org/W3015551163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156624192","https://openalex.org/W2021009355","https://openalex.org/W2026896885","https://openalex.org/W2599252385","https://openalex.org/W4324020178","https://openalex.org/W2147393558","https://openalex.org/W4404201350","https://openalex.org/W2048869728","https://openalex.org/W2312185306","https://openalex.org/W2061002013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Childhood":[1],"onset":[2,221],"of":[3,22,28,37,48,59,91,96,101,145,156,163,171,179,186,192,201,207,222],"\"adult\"":[4],"psychiatric":[5],"disorders":[6,25,54,136,159,182,204],"may":[7],"be":[8],"caused,":[9],"in":[10,137,228],"part,":[11,229],"by":[12,81,108,122],"more":[13],"salient":[14],"genetic":[15],"risk.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"study,":[19],"the":[20,46,115,130,138,216,236],"rates":[21],"schizophrenia":[23,34,63,69,134,149,157,167,180,196,202,223],"spectrum":[24,135,158,181,203],"among":[26],"parents":[27,36,58,89,95,100,162,170,185,206],"patients":[29,60,66,146,164,193,208],"with":[30,56,61,67,114,147,165,194,209,215],"childhood-onset":[31,62,92,148,195],"and":[32,35,51,72,129,169],"adult-onset":[33,68,97,166,210],"community":[38,73,102],"comparison":[39,74,103,187],"subjects":[40,75,188],"were":[41,78,120,141],"compared.":[42,142],"METHOD:":[43],"To":[44],"assess":[45],"presence":[47],"axis":[49,52],"I":[50],"II":[53],"associated":[55],"schizophrenia,":[57],"(95":[64],"parents),":[65,71],"(86":[70],"(123":[76],"parents)":[77],"interviewed":[79],"directly":[80],"using":[82,109],"semistructured":[83],"instruments.":[84,117],"Information":[85],"on":[86],"19":[87],"additional":[88],"(parents":[90],"patients,":[93,98],"N=2;":[94],"N=11;":[99],"subjects,":[104],"N=6)":[105],"was":[106],"obtained":[107],"a":[110,123,151,176,198,219,231],"family":[111],"history":[112],"interview":[113],"same":[116],"Transcribed":[118],"interviews":[119],"scored":[121],"rater":[124],"blind":[125],"to":[126,230],"group":[127],"membership,":[128],"morbid":[131,154],"risks":[132],"for":[133,235],"three":[139],"groups":[140,174],"RESULTS:":[143],"Parents":[144,191],"had":[150,175],"significantly":[152],"higher":[153,199],"risk":[155,178],"(24.74%)":[160],"than":[161,183,205],"(11.35%),":[168],"both":[172],"patient":[173],"greater":[177,232],"did":[184],"(1.55%).":[189],"CONCLUSIONS:":[190],"have":[197],"rate":[200],"illness.":[211],"This":[212],"is":[213,224],"consistent":[214],"hypothesis":[217],"that":[218],"childhood":[220],"due,":[225],"at":[226],"least":[227],"familial":[233],"diathesis":[234],"disorder.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
