{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113777458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03461a","title":"Optimization of photoelectrochemical water splitting performance on hierarchical TiO2 nanotube arrays","display_name":"Optimization of photoelectrochemical water splitting performance on hierarchical TiO2 nanotube arrays","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113777458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03461a","mag":"2113777458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/c2ee03461a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03461a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03461a","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2012/ee/c2ee03461a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117082959","display_name":"Energy & Environmental Science","issn_l":"1754-5692","issn":["1754-5692","1754-5706"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy &amp; Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2113777458"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2012/ee/c2ee03461a","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052047680","display_name":"Zhonghai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7022-4948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7022-4948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical and Life Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical and Life Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722404","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0856-0865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0856-0865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical and Life Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical and Life Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100722404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.9389,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":345,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99155606,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"6506","last_page":"6506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10078","display_name":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12340","display_name":"Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoelectrochemical-water-splitting","display_name":"photoelectrochemical water splitting","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tio2-nanotube-arrays","display_name":"TiO2 nanotube arrays","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-nanostructures","display_name":"hierarchical nanostructures","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-step-anodization","display_name":"two-step anodization","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphology-control","display_name":"morphology control","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photocurrent-density","display_name":"photocurrent density","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoelectric-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"photoelectric conversion efficiency","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-hydrogen-production","display_name":"solar hydrogen production","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779845233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381567","display_name":"Photocurrent","level":2,"score":0.874518096446991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777619693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539430","display_name":"Nanotube","level":3,"score":0.8188040256500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141795571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580942","display_name":"Nanopore","level":2,"score":0.7999489307403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35590869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697332","display_name":"Water splitting","level":4,"score":0.7574325799942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7530288696289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22016385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567502","display_name":"Anodizing","level":3,"score":0.7489622831344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776030612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964125","display_name":"Nanoring","level":2,"score":0.640370786190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5635548233985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4930555522441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.21661150455474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218831","display_name":"Photocatalysis","level":3,"score":0.0981193482875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09133833646774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09092167019844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.062043070793151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/c2ee03461a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03461a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03461a","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2012/ee/c2ee03461a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117082959","display_name":"Energy & Environmental Science","issn_l":"1754-5692","issn":["1754-5692","1754-5706"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy &amp; Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/334626","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/334626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/c2ee03461a","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03461a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03461a","pdf_url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2012/ee/c2ee03461a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117082959","display_name":"Energy & Environmental Science","issn_l":"1754-5692","issn":["1754-5692","1754-5706"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy &amp; Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113777458.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113777458.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966634721","https://openalex.org/W1966948401","https://openalex.org/W1971113415","https://openalex.org/W1974085346","https://openalex.org/W1980968412","https://openalex.org/W1983271466","https://openalex.org/W1984894632","https://openalex.org/W2002369862","https://openalex.org/W2004760621","https://openalex.org/W2010052150","https://openalex.org/W2027439681","https://openalex.org/W2028044904","https://openalex.org/W2029543851","https://openalex.org/W2034961076","https://openalex.org/W2050612192","https://openalex.org/W2052989605","https://openalex.org/W2060650362","https://openalex.org/W2061512427","https://openalex.org/W2062804083","https://openalex.org/W2065094524","https://openalex.org/W2066213214","https://openalex.org/W2069922445","https://openalex.org/W2070039372","https://openalex.org/W2086614867","https://openalex.org/W2090605893","https://openalex.org/W2140663431","https://openalex.org/W2154903153","https://openalex.org/W2157757769","https://openalex.org/W2158255246","https://openalex.org/W2159589746","https://openalex.org/W2168128492","https://openalex.org/W2331687182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311969880","https://openalex.org/W7151670122","https://openalex.org/W2034961076","https://openalex.org/W2036709555","https://openalex.org/W2736020088","https://openalex.org/W4291128462","https://openalex.org/W2288189689","https://openalex.org/W4400936447","https://openalex.org/W4412494790","https://openalex.org/W2324537559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,56],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"show":[4],"that":[5],"by":[6],"varying":[7],"the":[8,13,16,37,44,60,78,99],"voltages":[9],"during":[10],"two-step":[11],"anodization":[12],"morphology":[14],"of":[15,89,98,103],"hierarchical":[17,45],"top-layer/bottom-tube":[18],"TiO2":[19,46,62,85],"(TiO2":[20],"NTs)":[21],"can":[22],"be":[23],"finely":[24],"tuned":[25],"between":[26],"nanoring/nanotube,":[27],"nanopore/nanotube,":[28],"and":[29,52,73],"nanohole\u2013nanocave/nanotube":[30],"morphologies.":[31],"This":[32],"allows":[33],"us":[34],"to":[35,95],"optimize":[36],"photoelectrochemical":[38],"(PEC)":[39],"water":[40],"splitting":[41],"performance":[42],"on":[43,59,83],"NTs.":[47],"The":[48],"optimized":[49],"photocurrent":[50],"density":[51],"photoconversion":[53],"efficiency":[54,102],"in":[55],"study,":[57],"occurring":[58],"nanopore/nanotube":[61],"NTs,":[63],"were":[64],"1.59":[65],"mA":[66],"cm\u22122":[67],"at":[68],"1.23":[69],"V":[70],"vs.":[71],"RHE":[72],"0.84%":[74],"respectively,":[75],"which":[76],"are":[77],"highest":[79],"values":[80],"ever":[81],"reported":[82],"pristine":[84],"materials":[86],"under":[87],"illumination":[88],"AM":[90],"1.5G.":[91],"Our":[92],"findings":[93],"contribute":[94],"further":[96],"improvement":[97],"energy":[100],"conversion":[101],"TiO2-based":[104],"devices.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
