{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113661395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400196","title":"Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history","display_name":"Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113661395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400196","mag":"2113661395","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26601147","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4643815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400196","pdf_url":"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/1/2/e1400196.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737427234","display_name":"Science Advances","issn_l":"2375-2548","issn":["2375-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/1/2/e1400196.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040577425","display_name":"Anja Eichler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0206-7463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0206-7463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299204452","display_name":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0329s8h62","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anja Eichler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075772097","display_name":"Gabriela Gramlich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299204452","display_name":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0329s8h62","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Gramlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072436897","display_name":"Thomas Kellerhals","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299204452","display_name":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0329s8h62","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kellerhals","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110035865","display_name":"L. Tobler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299204452","display_name":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0329s8h62","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonhard Tobler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009158797","display_name":"Margit Schwikowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-5183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0856-5183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299204452","display_name":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0329s8h62","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margit Schwikowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I1299204452"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040577425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I1299204452","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":2.4182,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87798888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"e1400196","last_page":"e1400196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.1080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.05700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-contamination","display_name":"lead contamination","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaded-gasoline","display_name":"leaded gasoline","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-metallurgy","display_name":"history of metallurgy","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver-production","display_name":"silver production","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tin-production","display_name":"tin production","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/andean-altiplano","display_name":"Andean altiplano","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inca-empire","display_name":"Inca Empire","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-period","display_name":"colonial period","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-traffic-emissions","display_name":"road traffic emissions","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enrichment-factor","display_name":"enrichment factor","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-america","display_name":"South America","score":0.3869999945163727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.684578537940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103697071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39558","display_name":"Gasoline","level":2,"score":0.6698660850524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.5616987347602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.4831397235393524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4154576063156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2827942669391632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2608320116996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22773471474647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.21585556864738464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.20566225051879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12611746788024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07775795459747314}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400196","pdf_url":"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/1/2/e1400196.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737427234","display_name":"Science Advances","issn_l":"2375-2548","issn":["2375-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4643815","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4643815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Adv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26601147","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26601147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science advances","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora:psi_23485","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/psi/item/psi:23485","pdf_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/psi/dload/psi:23485/PDF/view","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402574","display_name":"DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","host_organization_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science Advances","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.7892/boris.69373","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://boris-portal.unibe.ch/handle/20.500.12422/133635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:69373","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/69373/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401747","display_name":"BORIS (University Library Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210103840","host_organization_name":"Nakuru County Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Eichler, A.; Gramlich, Gabriela; Kellerhals, Thomas; Tobler, L.; Schwikowski, Margit (2015). Pb pollution from leaded gasoline in South America in the context of a 2000-year metallurgical history. Science Advances, 1(2), e1400196. American Association for the Advancement of Science 10.1126/sciadv.1400196 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400196>","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.7892/boris.69373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.69373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.69373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053152","display_name":"Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400196","pdf_url":"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/1/2/e1400196.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737427234","display_name":"Science Advances","issn_l":"2375-2548","issn":["2375-2548"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113661395.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113661395.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W287691036","https://openalex.org/W1507112578","https://openalex.org/W1570367647","https://openalex.org/W1641377888","https://openalex.org/W1659336617","https://openalex.org/W1861783540","https://openalex.org/W1965540716","https://openalex.org/W1971192624","https://openalex.org/W1976679675","https://openalex.org/W1979321299","https://openalex.org/W1985352611","https://openalex.org/W1994758674","https://openalex.org/W1994805816","https://openalex.org/W1995960448","https://openalex.org/W2000613568","https://openalex.org/W2002381692","https://openalex.org/W2010954606","https://openalex.org/W2011641435","https://openalex.org/W2013274881","https://openalex.org/W2014702485","https://openalex.org/W2018887713","https://openalex.org/W2021551470","https://openalex.org/W2027110185","https://openalex.org/W2028722604","https://openalex.org/W2029514995","https://openalex.org/W2032311588","https://openalex.org/W2032583737","https://openalex.org/W2037592076","https://openalex.org/W2041357689","https://openalex.org/W2043109800","https://openalex.org/W2046541010","https://openalex.org/W2046574251","https://openalex.org/W2051414400","https://openalex.org/W2053407758","https://openalex.org/W2056781271","https://openalex.org/W2056910853","https://openalex.org/W2056975406","https://openalex.org/W2061414172","https://openalex.org/W2061425049","https://openalex.org/W2072314772","https://openalex.org/W2079227703","https://openalex.org/W2082083341","https://openalex.org/W2084669627","https://openalex.org/W2087657283","https://openalex.org/W2088030123","https://openalex.org/W2091202236","https://openalex.org/W2093773127","https://openalex.org/W2097324101","https://openalex.org/W2100034071","https://openalex.org/W2103245684","https://openalex.org/W2104231037","https://openalex.org/W2108848995","https://openalex.org/W2113838383","https://openalex.org/W2121689479","https://openalex.org/W2123700204","https://openalex.org/W2127481813","https://openalex.org/W2127888210","https://openalex.org/W2130598929","https://openalex.org/W2137841483","https://openalex.org/W2139128858","https://openalex.org/W2141777092","https://openalex.org/W2165920388","https://openalex.org/W2168614280","https://openalex.org/W2171508256","https://openalex.org/W2172010105","https://openalex.org/W2286656877","https://openalex.org/W2314284741","https://openalex.org/W2322881628","https://openalex.org/W2327768149","https://openalex.org/W2340807560","https://openalex.org/W2915862789","https://openalex.org/W2917478683","https://openalex.org/W4241023966","https://openalex.org/W4249122602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2552394106","https://openalex.org/W7099663409","https://openalex.org/W3084401927","https://openalex.org/W2018887713","https://openalex.org/W2531181564","https://openalex.org/W4390115670","https://openalex.org/W2032311588","https://openalex.org/W1965459164","https://openalex.org/W3109322278","https://openalex.org/W2085068364"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exploitation":[0],"of":[1,6,20,74,86,111,132,145,178],"the":[2,7,25,51,71,75,83,87,112,117,130,133,137,149,183],"extensive":[3],"polymetallic":[4],"deposits":[5],"Andean":[8,88],"Altiplano":[9],"in":[10,173,182,188],"South":[11,56,174],"America":[12,175],"since":[13],"precolonial":[14],"times":[15,123],"has":[16],"caused":[17],"substantial":[18],"emissions":[19],"neurotoxic":[21],"lead":[22],"(Pb)":[23],"into":[24],"atmosphere;":[26],"however,":[27],"its":[28],"historical":[29,180],"significance":[30],"compared":[31,147],"to":[32,103,148,158],"recent":[33],"Pb":[34,47,93,98,139,160,167],"pollution":[35,168],"from":[36,66,152,170],"leaded":[37],"gasoline":[38],"is":[39,70,80],"not":[40],"yet":[41],"resolved.":[42],"We":[43],"present":[44],"a":[45,60,143],"comprehensive":[46],"emission":[48,150],"history":[49,95],"for":[50,55,106],"last":[52,184],"two":[53,185],"millennia":[54],"America,":[57],"based":[58],"on":[59],"continuous,":[61],"high-resolution,":[62],"ice":[63,91],"core":[64,92],"record":[65],"Illimani":[67,69],"glacier.":[68],"highest":[72],"mountain":[73],"eastern":[76],"Bolivian":[77],"Andes":[78],"and":[79,126],"located":[81],"at":[82,129],"northeastern":[84],"margin":[85],"Altiplano.":[89],"The":[90],"deposition":[94],"revealed":[96],"enhanced":[97],"enrichment":[99],"factors":[100],"(EFs)":[101],"due":[102],"metallurgical":[104,194],"processing":[105],"silver":[107],"production":[108,128],"during":[109],"periods":[110],"Tiwanaku/Wari":[113],"culture":[114],"(AD":[115,120,124],"450-950),":[116],"Inca":[118],"empires":[119],"1450-1532),":[121],"colonial":[122],"1532-1900),":[125],"tin":[127],"beginning":[131],"20th":[134],"century.":[135],"After":[136],"1960s,":[138],"EFs":[140],"increased":[141],"by":[142],"factor":[144],"3":[146],"level":[151],"metal":[153],"production,":[154],"which":[155],"we":[156],"attribute":[157],"gasoline-related":[159],"emissions.":[161],"Our":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"that":[165],"anthropogenic":[166],"levels":[169],"road":[171],"traffic":[172],"exceed":[176],"those":[177],"any":[179],"metallurgy":[181],"millennia,":[186],"even":[187],"regions":[189],"with":[190],"exceptional":[191],"high":[192],"local":[193],"activity.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}