{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113646389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8188(00)00021-1","title":"Productivity estimation and the size-efficiency relationship in English and Welsh police forces","display_name":"Productivity estimation and the size-efficiency relationship in English and Welsh police forces","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113646389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8188(00)00021-1","mag":"2113646389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0144-8188(00)00021-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8188(00)00021-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8188(00)00021-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121409115","display_name":"International Review of Law and Economics","issn_l":"0144-8188","issn":["0144-8188","1873-6394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Review of Law and Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020354342","display_name":"Leigh M. Drake","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leigh Drake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, England, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, England, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015253457","display_name":"Richard Simper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9959-6198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9959-6198"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Simper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, England, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, England, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020354342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96144344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-productivity","display_name":"police productivity","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-efficiency","display_name":"police efficiency","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-force-size","display_name":"police force size","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-effects","display_name":"scale effects","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780769345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9309","display_name":"Welsh","level":2,"score":0.9794936180114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7181143164634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.6958285570144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.5683046579360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4851177930831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4749962091445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4003463685512543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36307573318481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.35064980387687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3451197147369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.34188112616539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2874630093574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2704693078994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15959757566452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.10222223401069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0674993097782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0144-8188(00)00021-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8188(00)00021-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8188(00)00021-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121409115","display_name":"International Review of Law and Economics","issn_l":"0144-8188","issn":["0144-8188","1873-6394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Review of Law and Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188180642","https://openalex.org/W634001533","https://openalex.org/W1535866388","https://openalex.org/W1566858326","https://openalex.org/W1971712118","https://openalex.org/W1977860171","https://openalex.org/W1978680907","https://openalex.org/W1982507779","https://openalex.org/W1992050179","https://openalex.org/W1994049177","https://openalex.org/W1997410866","https://openalex.org/W1998739147","https://openalex.org/W2020345322","https://openalex.org/W2023763199","https://openalex.org/W2031520556","https://openalex.org/W2031947752","https://openalex.org/W2038221791","https://openalex.org/W2056065926","https://openalex.org/W2063722526","https://openalex.org/W2066528567","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2095092604","https://openalex.org/W2097141730","https://openalex.org/W2129763896","https://openalex.org/W2145674757","https://openalex.org/W2150780340","https://openalex.org/W2162180338","https://openalex.org/W2411797994","https://openalex.org/W2801004064","https://openalex.org/W2935459425","https://openalex.org/W4233508282","https://openalex.org/W4246535454","https://openalex.org/W4251560120","https://openalex.org/W7011469962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7061374558","https://openalex.org/W573518756","https://openalex.org/W2063477952","https://openalex.org/W1747683634","https://openalex.org/W2901481205","https://openalex.org/W2364069987","https://openalex.org/W2070812962","https://openalex.org/W2092601475","https://openalex.org/W2088789076","https://openalex.org/W2167499798"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
