{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113622874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","title":"Fuzzy Connectedness and Object Definition: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications in Image Segmentation","display_name":"Fuzzy Connectedness and Object Definition: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications in Image Segmentation","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113622874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","mag":"2113622874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898187931","display_name":"Graphical Models and Image Processing","issn_l":"1077-3169","issn":["1077-3169","1090-2481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Graphical Models and Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065713856","display_name":"Jayaram K. Udupa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-2927","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-2927"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayaram K. Udupa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image Processing Group, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Service Drive, 4th Floor Blockley Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6021"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image Processing Group, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Service Drive, 4th Floor Blockley Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040144027","display_name":"Supun Samarasekera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Supun Samarasekera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Image Processing Group, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Service Drive, 4th Floor Blockley Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6021"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Image Processing Group, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Service Drive, 4th Floor Blockley Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.7716,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":840,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99109393,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"3","first_page":"246","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-connectedness","display_name":"fuzzy connectedness","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-objects","display_name":"fuzzy objects","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"image segmentation","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-extraction","display_name":"object extraction","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-space","display_name":"digital space","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-imaging","display_name":"diagnostic imaging","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-complexity","display_name":"combinatorial complexity","score":0.7400000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6825344562530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201943243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551008","display_name":"Social connectedness","level":2,"score":0.6311084032058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.604423999786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5302443504333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5270153284072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5209242701530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127385683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475696","display_name":"Fuzzy classification","level":4,"score":0.5169810056686401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48374414443969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48240458965301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25694479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7446278","display_name":"Segmentation-based object categorization","level":5,"score":0.47828397154808044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.471152663230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.462639719247818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148671577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511133","display_name":"Fuzzy set operations","level":4,"score":0.46085256338119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.4378669261932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39846518635749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37037014961242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.35187917947769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3517950177192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2995900511741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898187931","display_name":"Graphical Models and Image Processing","issn_l":"1077-3169","issn":["1077-3169","1090-2481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Graphical Models and Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/gmip.1996.0021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898187931","display_name":"Graphical Models and Image Processing","issn_l":"1077-3169","issn":["1077-3169","1090-2481"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319955","host_organization_name":"Academic Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319955","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Press","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Graphical Models and Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492228160","https://openalex.org/W1968935920","https://openalex.org/W1991673847","https://openalex.org/W1995215698","https://openalex.org/W2117156647","https://openalex.org/W2119231080","https://openalex.org/W2294494167","https://openalex.org/W4246525814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099575238","https://openalex.org/W1987397071","https://openalex.org/W2066406368","https://openalex.org/W2103148294","https://openalex.org/W2015291970","https://openalex.org/W2151785166","https://openalex.org/W2055966405","https://openalex.org/W2068934234","https://openalex.org/W4253280487","https://openalex.org/W1554276770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Images":[0],"are":[1],"by":[2,39],"nature":[3],"fuzzy.":[4],"Approaches":[5],"to":[6,14,70,81,87],"object":[7,92,102],"information":[8],"extraction":[9],"from":[10,133],"images":[11],"should":[12],"attempt":[13],"use":[15],"this":[16,83],"fact":[17],"and":[18,103,121],"retain":[19],"fuzziness":[20],"as":[21,23],"realistically":[22],"possible.":[24],"In":[25],"past":[26],"image":[27,36,64,112,124],"segmentation":[28,125],"research,":[29],"the":[30,76,111,116,119],"notion":[31,59],"of":[32,35,50,60,63,72,118],"\u201changing":[33],"togetherness\u201d":[34],"elements":[37],"specified":[38,100],"their":[40],"fuzzy":[41,51,61,91,101,107],"connectedness":[42,62],"has":[43],"been":[44],"lacking.":[45],"We":[46,94,114],"present":[47,95,109],"a":[48,58,99],"theory":[49,120],"objects":[52,108],"forn-dimensional":[53],"digital":[54],"spaces":[55],"based":[56,126],"on":[57,127],"elements.":[65],"Although":[66],"our":[67],"definitions":[68],"lead":[69],"problems":[71],"enormous":[73],"combinatorial":[74],"complexity,":[75],"theoretical":[77],"results":[78],"allow":[79],"us":[80,86],"reduce":[82],"dramatically,":[84],"leading":[85],"practical":[88,129],"algorithms":[89,96,122],"for":[90,97,104],"extraction.":[93],"extracting":[98],"identifying":[105],"all":[106,131],"in":[110,123],"data.":[113],"demonstrate":[115],"utility":[117],"several":[128],"examples":[130],"drawn":[132],"medical":[134],"imaging.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":39}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
