{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113607096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2010.154","title":"Discovering Conditional Functional Dependencies","display_name":"Discovering Conditional Functional Dependencies","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113607096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2010.154","mag":"2113607096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2010.154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2010.154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2010.154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/bd993ffa-7862-4ff0-9eab-3a7d2c12da76","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070565287","display_name":"Wenfei Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5149-2656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5149-2656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenfei Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, USA","University of Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087587379","display_name":"Floris Geerts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-2473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-2473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Floris Geerts","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387072","display_name":"Jianzhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1382-1636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1382-1636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101713518","display_name":"Ming Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2366-4160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2366-4160"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Laboratories, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.5172,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":254,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99122547,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"683","last_page":"698"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.02590000070631504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-functional-dependencies","display_name":"conditional functional dependencies","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-dependencies","display_name":"functional dependencies","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-cleaning","display_name":"data cleaning","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integration","display_name":"data integration","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-itemset-mining","display_name":"closed itemset mining","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-identification","display_name":"object identification","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-data","display_name":"relational data","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110546421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315869","display_name":"Arity","level":2,"score":0.9404697418212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7655007243156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6347551345825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6097881197929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26320393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597053","display_name":"Functional dependency","level":3,"score":0.5747703313827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5244137048721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5179304480552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40683218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5260625","display_name":"Dependency theory (database theory)","level":4,"score":0.4675532579421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45122000575065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42024314403533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.3398582339286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32112830877304077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24122118949890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1471368670463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.133556067943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tkde.2010.154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2010.154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2010.154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30698027","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","issn_l":"1041-4347","issn":["1041-4347","1558-2191","2326-3865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/bd993ffa-7862-4ff0-9eab-3a7d2c12da76","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/bd993ffa-7862-4ff0-9eab-3a7d2c12da76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fan, W, Geerts, F, Li, J & Xiong, M 2011, 'Discovering Conditional Functional Dependencies', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 683-698. https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2010.154","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/bd993ffa-7862-4ff0-9eab-3a7d2c12da76","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/bd993ffa-7862-4ff0-9eab-3a7d2c12da76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fan, W, Geerts, F, Li, J & Xiong, M 2011, 'Discovering Conditional Functional Dependencies', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 683-698. https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2010.154","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G48265233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/H008063/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5457631205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/F028288/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7448129778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E029213/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190286537","https://openalex.org/W1502954553","https://openalex.org/W1539265392","https://openalex.org/W1553696291","https://openalex.org/W1558832481","https://openalex.org/W1571341547","https://openalex.org/W1593881241","https://openalex.org/W1610496399","https://openalex.org/W1881756506","https://openalex.org/W1967167578","https://openalex.org/W1968728075","https://openalex.org/W1980507082","https://openalex.org/W1988622605","https://openalex.org/W2011103514","https://openalex.org/W2042315498","https://openalex.org/W2045054164","https://openalex.org/W2068871408","https://openalex.org/W2077518845","https://openalex.org/W2101896525","https://openalex.org/W2102489964","https://openalex.org/W2114473442","https://openalex.org/W2120220749","https://openalex.org/W2125227861","https://openalex.org/W2131060875","https://openalex.org/W2133409729","https://openalex.org/W2137775416","https://openalex.org/W2156026066","https://openalex.org/W2161970221","https://openalex.org/W2163600218","https://openalex.org/W2166549982","https://openalex.org/W2171332293","https://openalex.org/W2178708778","https://openalex.org/W2496163386","https://openalex.org/W2913793034","https://openalex.org/W4206031975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039445786","https://openalex.org/W2884840983","https://openalex.org/W2185054849","https://openalex.org/W2274317205","https://openalex.org/W2185579824","https://openalex.org/W2273673275","https://openalex.org/W2361244046","https://openalex.org/W163762105","https://openalex.org/W2582695666","https://openalex.org/W2807313188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,68,174,191,232,235,245,248,265,268],"discovery":[4,69,277],"of":[5,15,22,205,234,247,267,275],"conditional":[6],"functional":[7,16],"dependencies":[8,17],"(CFDs).":[9],"CFDs":[10,39,60,80,114,120],"are":[11,121,140],"a":[12,153,159,180,220,273],"recent":[13],"extension":[14],"(FDs)":[18],"by":[19,196],"supporting":[20],"patterns":[21,78,117],"semantically":[23],"related":[24],"constants,":[25],"and":[26,106,133,210],"can":[27,201],"be":[28,202],"used":[29,108,177],"as":[30,95,150,169],"rules":[31],"for":[32,58,65,74,88,101,124,142,162,182,212,279,283],"cleaning":[33,53,132],"relational":[34],"data.":[35],"However,":[36],"finding":[37],"quality":[38],"is":[40,71,97,107,128,152,171,223,238,250],"an":[41],"expensive":[42],"process":[43],"that":[44,156],"involves":[45],"intensive":[46],"manual":[47],"effort.":[48],"To":[49],"effectively":[50],"identify":[51],"data":[52,131,134],"rules,":[54],"we":[55],"develop":[56],"techniques":[57,100],"discovering":[59,143,183],"from":[61],"relations.":[62],"Already":[63],"hard":[64],"traditional":[66],"FDs,":[67],"problem":[70],"more":[72,240],"difficult":[73],"CFDs.":[75,145],"Indeed,":[76],"mining":[77,102,163,188],"in":[79,178],"introduces":[81],"new":[82],"challenges.":[83],"We":[84],"provide":[85,272],"three":[86],"methods":[87],"CFD":[89,214],"discovery.":[90,215],"The":[91,136,165],"first,":[92],"referred":[93,148,167],"to":[94,109,130,149,168,189,281],"CFDMiner,":[96],"based":[98,172,256],"on":[99,173,257],"closed":[103],"item":[104],"sets,":[105],"discover":[110],"constant":[111,116,213],"CFDs,":[112],"namely,":[113],"with":[115,231,264],"only.":[118],"Constant":[119],"particularly":[122],"important":[123],"object":[125],"identification,":[126],"which":[127],"essential":[129],"integration.":[135],"other":[137],"two":[138],"algorithms":[139,271],"developed":[141],"general":[144],"One":[146],"algorithm,":[147],"CTANE,":[151],"levelwise":[154],"algorithm":[155,161],"extends":[157],"TANE,":[158],"well-known":[160],"FDs.":[164,184],"other,":[166],"FastCFD,":[170],"depth-first":[175],"approach":[176],"FastFD,":[179],"method":[181],"It":[185],"leverages":[186],"closed-item-set":[187,258],"reduce":[190],"search":[192],"space.":[193],"As":[194],"verified":[195],"our":[197],"experimental":[198],"study,":[199],"CFDMiner":[200],"multiple":[203],"orders":[204],"magnitude":[206],"faster":[207],"than":[208,242],"CTANE":[209,216,243],"FastCFD":[211,237,260],"works":[217],"well":[218,230,263],"when":[219,244],"given":[221],"relation":[222,249],"large,":[224],"but":[225],"it":[226],"does":[227],"not":[228],"scale":[229],"arity":[233,246],"relation.":[236,269],"far":[239],"efficient":[241],"large;":[251],"better":[252],"still,":[253],"leveraging":[254],"optimization":[255],"mining,":[259],"also":[261],"scales":[262],"size":[266],"These":[270],"set":[274],"cleaning-rule":[276],"tools":[278],"users":[280],"choose":[282],"different":[284],"applications.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}