{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113569107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08977199209021533","title":"Distribution of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in a Two-Week-Old Human Embryo","display_name":"Distribution of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in a Two-Week-Old Human Embryo","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113569107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08977199209021533","mag":"2113569107","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1389226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3109/08977199209021533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08977199209021533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08977199209021533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152803389","display_name":"Growth Factors","issn_l":"0897-7194","issn":["0897-7194","1026-7964","1029-2292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Growth Factors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012847499","display_name":"Halit P\u0131nar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6426-4302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6426-4302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133025","display_name":"Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/03z8sn326","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133025"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halit Pinar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Program in Developmental Pathology, Brown University and Women and Infants' Hospital, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program in Developmental Pathology, Brown University and Women and Infants' Hospital, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I4210133025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nancy L. Thompson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800446032","display_name":"Rhode Island Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01aw9fv09","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800446032","https://openalex.org/I4210151747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy L. Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800446032"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110043042","display_name":"Kathleen Corey Flanders","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen C. Flanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108192090","display_name":"Michael B. Sporn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael B. Sporn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Chemoprevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James Sung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133025","display_name":"Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/03z8sn326","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133025"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Program in Developmental Pathology, Brown University and Women and Infants' Hospital, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program in Developmental Pathology, Brown University and Women and Infants' Hospital, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I4210133025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103424915","display_name":"Beverly Barton Rogers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133025","display_name":"Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/03z8sn326","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133025"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beverly B. Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Program in Developmental Pathology, Brown University and Women and Infants' Hospital, Providence, RI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program in Developmental Pathology, Brown University and Women and Infants' Hospital, Providence, RI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I4210133025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13875109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"203","last_page":"208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11501","display_name":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in diseases","score":0.7089999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11501","display_name":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in diseases","score":0.7089999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10268","display_name":"Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation","score":0.263700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transforming-growth-factor-beta","display_name":"TGF-beta","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tgf-beta1","display_name":"TGF-\u03b21","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tgf-beta2","display_name":"TGF-beta2","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-embryo","display_name":"human embryo","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epiblast","display_name":"epiblast","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoblast","display_name":"hypoblast","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-embryonic-development","display_name":"early embryonic development","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-localization","display_name":"protein localization","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830842","display_name":"BETA (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5257695317268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196843134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196","display_name":"Embryo","level":2,"score":0.5228971838951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4754573702812195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.44666653871536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24785672","display_name":"Transforming growth factor beta","level":3,"score":0.43616044521331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118131993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423671","display_name":"Transforming growth factor","level":2,"score":0.3886873722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22472286224365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21743828058242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2157653570175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19424253702163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15695273876190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.13594236969947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004622","descriptor_name":"Embryo, Mammalian","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005314","descriptor_name":"Embryonic and Fetal Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007124","descriptor_name":"Immunoenzyme Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011498","descriptor_name":"Protein Precursors","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016212","descriptor_name":"Transforming Growth Factor beta","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3109/08977199209021533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08977199209021533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08977199209021533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152803389","display_name":"Growth Factors","issn_l":"0897-7194","issn":["0897-7194","1026-7964","1029-2292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Growth Factors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.3109/08977199209026927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08977199209026927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/08977199209026927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152803389","display_name":"Growth Factors","issn_l":"0897-7194","issn":["0897-7194","1026-7964","1029-2292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Growth Factors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1389226","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1389226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513575966","https://openalex.org/W1542358602","https://openalex.org/W1600868878","https://openalex.org/W1605241473","https://openalex.org/W1833351599","https://openalex.org/W1839414684","https://openalex.org/W1867003241","https://openalex.org/W1975392093","https://openalex.org/W1975729483","https://openalex.org/W1994858403","https://openalex.org/W1996719298","https://openalex.org/W2001142089","https://openalex.org/W2013641497","https://openalex.org/W2018895281","https://openalex.org/W2025691863","https://openalex.org/W2036916205","https://openalex.org/W2058428407","https://openalex.org/W2064185923","https://openalex.org/W2066657623","https://openalex.org/W2079200533","https://openalex.org/W2099941826","https://openalex.org/W2117507292","https://openalex.org/W2164279207","https://openalex.org/W2172193595","https://openalex.org/W2260417393","https://openalex.org/W2331249819","https://openalex.org/W2413344011","https://openalex.org/W4211166816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019810370","https://openalex.org/W2000413943","https://openalex.org/W2137245633","https://openalex.org/W2110014419","https://openalex.org/W1833351599","https://openalex.org/W2046676611","https://openalex.org/W2081451346","https://openalex.org/W3007443093","https://openalex.org/W2117507292","https://openalex.org/W2140282228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"immunohistochemical":[1],"methods":[2],"we":[3],"have":[4],"investigated":[5],"the":[6,33,36,41,49,54,62,69,82,88,106],"presence":[7],"of":[8,44,87,109],"transforming":[9],"growth":[10],"factors":[11],"beta":[12,14,17,98],"1,":[13],"2":[15,76,99],"and":[16,35,84,97],"1":[18,27,46,57,96],"precursor":[19,28,47],"in":[20,31,48,68,80],"a":[21],"two-week-old":[22],"bilaminar":[23],"human":[24,110],"embryo.":[25],"TGF-beta":[26,45,56,75,95],"was":[29,77],"seen":[30],"both":[32,81],"epiblast":[34,83],"hypoblast.":[37],"In":[38],"contrast":[39],"to":[40,53,61,74],"widespread":[42],"localization":[43],"embryo":[50,89],"proper,":[51],"antibodies":[52,73],"mature":[55],"peptide":[58],"localized":[59],"preferentially":[60],"hypoblast":[63,85],"with":[64,72],"only":[65],"weak":[66,79],"staining":[67],"epiblast.":[70],"Staining":[71],"generally":[78],"layers":[86],"proper.":[90],"These":[91],"results":[92],"show":[93],"that":[94],"peptides":[100],"are":[101],"detectable":[102],"as":[103,105],"early":[104],"second":[107],"week":[108],"development.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}