{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113442017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/363427.363436","title":"The simulation of time sharing systems","display_name":"The simulation of time sharing systems","publication_year":1967,"publication_date":"1967-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113442017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/363427.363436","mag":"2113442017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/363427.363436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/363427.363436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/363427.363436","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/363427.363436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/363427.363436","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005567913","display_name":"Norman R. Nielsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Norman R. Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA","Stanford University Stanford CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University Stanford CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005567913"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5984,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99882006,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"397","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.8535000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.8535000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.04230000078678131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-sharing","display_name":"time-sharing","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-simulation","display_name":"computer simulation","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-performance-evaluation","display_name":"system performance evaluation","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm-360-67","display_name":"IBM 360/67","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-scale-computer-systems","display_name":"large-scale computer systems","score":0.6460000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8530452251434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38725249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913876","display_name":"Time-sharing","level":2,"score":0.7147668600082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778241615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83303","display_name":"Fortran","level":2,"score":0.6897425651550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.679456889629364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5872682929039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.564373254776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5330487489700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5227649211883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.5193246603012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4608656167984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41392382979393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.37536385655403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21603980660438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.21523651480674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/363427.363436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/363427.363436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/363427.363436","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/363427.363436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/363427.363436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/363427.363436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/363427.363436","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/363427.363436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-3","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113442017.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113442017.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204294976","https://openalex.org/W414365820","https://openalex.org/W1528602159","https://openalex.org/W1535120001","https://openalex.org/W2046997169","https://openalex.org/W2089383601","https://openalex.org/W2127329704","https://openalex.org/W2141653733","https://openalex.org/W2561553856","https://openalex.org/W6602223359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2492310704","https://openalex.org/W1485158970","https://openalex.org/W414365820","https://openalex.org/W2124831418","https://openalex.org/W7136340486","https://openalex.org/W2065895817","https://openalex.org/W1482000777","https://openalex.org/W2122375900","https://openalex.org/W2141653733","https://openalex.org/W2078301023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,88,150],"development":[1,69,118],"of":[2,12,65,70,80,104,119,128,152,160],"new":[3,120],"large":[4],"scale":[5],"time-sharing":[6,105,121,164],"systems":[7,41],"has":[8,91],"raised":[9],"a":[10,71,92,102,138,158],"number":[11],"problems":[13],"for":[14,29],"computation":[15],"center":[16],"management.":[17],"Not":[18],"only":[19],"is":[20,83,143,155],"it":[21],"necessary":[22],"to":[23,46,60,75,100,112],"develop":[24],"an":[25],"appropriate":[26,33],"hardware":[27],"configuration":[28],"these":[30,40,81],"systems,":[31],"but":[32],"software":[34],"adjustments":[35],"must":[36],"be":[37,98,110],"made.":[38],"Unfortunately,":[39],"often":[42],"do":[43],"not":[44],"respond":[45],"changes":[47],"in":[48,62,77,85,114,137],"the":[49,63,78,115,126,133,153,161],"manner":[50],"that":[51,142],"intuition":[52],"would":[53],"suggest,":[54],"and":[55,96,117,130],"there":[56],"are":[57],"few":[58],"guides":[59],"assist":[61,76,113],"analysis":[64],"performance":[66],"characteristics.":[67],"comprehensive":[72],"simulation":[73,154],"model":[74,90,134],"investigation":[79],"questions":[82],"described":[84],"this":[86],"paper.":[87],"resulting":[89],"general":[93],"purpose":[94],"design":[95,116],"can":[97,108],"used":[99,111],"study":[101,159],"variety":[103],"systems.":[106],"It":[107],"also":[109],"algorithms":[122],"or":[123],"techniques.":[124],"For":[125],"sake":[127],"efficiency":[129],"greater":[131],"applicability,":[132],"was":[135],"implemented":[136],"limited":[139],"FORTRAN":[140,147],"subset":[141],"compatible":[144],"with":[145],"most":[146],"IV":[148],"compilers.":[149],"use":[151],"demonstrated":[156],"by":[157],"IBM":[162],"360/67":[163],"system.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-12T09:15:50.089291","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
