{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113185654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00551.x","title":"Can 14,737 women be wrong? A meta\u2010analysis of the LSI\u2010R and recidivism for female offenders*","display_name":"Can 14,737 women be wrong? A meta\u2010analysis of the LSI\u2010R and recidivism for female offenders*","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113185654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00551.x","mag":"2113185654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00551.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00551.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00551.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764941010","display_name":"Criminology & Public Policy","issn_l":"1538-6473","issn":["1538-6473","1745-9133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Criminology & Public Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101414252","display_name":"Paula Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4088-5590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4088-5590"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D., is assistant professor of Criminal Justice and associate director of the Corrections Institute at the University of Cincinnati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D., is assistant professor of Criminal Justice and associate director of the Corrections Institute at the University of Cincinnati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088820544","display_name":"Francis T. Cullen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-915X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-915X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis T. Cullen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D., is Distinguished Research Professor of Criminal Justice and Sociology at the University of Cincinnati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D., is Distinguished Research Professor of Criminal Justice and Sociology at the University of Cincinnati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033126346","display_name":"Edward J. Latessa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward J. Latessa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D., is professor and head of the Division of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D., is professor and head of the Division of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.3385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":247,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99425688,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"183","last_page":"208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10565","display_name":"Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending","score":0.6753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10565","display_name":"Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending","score":0.6753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.2736999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.03350000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/level-of-service-inventory-revised","display_name":"Level of Service Inventory-Revised","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-offenders","display_name":"women offenders","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recidivism-prediction","display_name":"recidivism prediction","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment-tools","display_name":"risk assessment tools","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-validity","display_name":"predictive validity","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offender-treatment","display_name":"offender treatment","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420643","display_name":"Recidivism","level":2,"score":0.9359875917434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.7515400648117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6617098450660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.655205249786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5003015995025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.49865221977233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.47409090399742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4650052487850189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.41358956694602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3527705669403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3305668234825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.20649197697639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1666499376296997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15824192762374878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15639859437942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08402928709983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00551.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00551.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00551.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764941010","display_name":"Criminology & Public Policy","issn_l":"1538-6473","issn":["1538-6473","1745-9133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Criminology & Public Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.766700029373169},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W374403177","https://openalex.org/W401967472","https://openalex.org/W602042294","https://openalex.org/W606826637","https://openalex.org/W623845353","https://openalex.org/W644879620","https://openalex.org/W1532094237","https://openalex.org/W1532908287","https://openalex.org/W1562757849","https://openalex.org/W1590137713","https://openalex.org/W1636536540","https://openalex.org/W1941328778","https://openalex.org/W1975188715","https://openalex.org/W1980788054","https://openalex.org/W2000894890","https://openalex.org/W2003658944","https://openalex.org/W2005534705","https://openalex.org/W2006546769","https://openalex.org/W2006959476","https://openalex.org/W2008199092","https://openalex.org/W2009712532","https://openalex.org/W2010651534","https://openalex.org/W2031582132","https://openalex.org/W2031917113","https://openalex.org/W2036356208","https://openalex.org/W2041544880","https://openalex.org/W2078959134","https://openalex.org/W2079726687","https://openalex.org/W2081042608","https://openalex.org/W2086161401","https://openalex.org/W2093930381","https://openalex.org/W2099195531","https://openalex.org/W2102805370","https://openalex.org/W2106627255","https://openalex.org/W2107606183","https://openalex.org/W2108744576","https://openalex.org/W2109746019","https://openalex.org/W2110992555","https://openalex.org/W2112432954","https://openalex.org/W2118166333","https://openalex.org/W2129230019","https://openalex.org/W2135287104","https://openalex.org/W2140690240","https://openalex.org/W2140690502","https://openalex.org/W2147019115","https://openalex.org/W2162408611","https://openalex.org/W2168729696","https://openalex.org/W2232905106","https://openalex.org/W2309794648","https://openalex.org/W2315404267","https://openalex.org/W2315521059","https://openalex.org/W2325043638","https://openalex.org/W2489111096","https://openalex.org/W2598639907","https://openalex.org/W2752443224","https://openalex.org/W2753533763","https://openalex.org/W2901894684","https://openalex.org/W2905216118","https://openalex.org/W2971389657","https://openalex.org/W2986729426","https://openalex.org/W2987346593","https://openalex.org/W3158683096","https://openalex.org/W4211145102","https://openalex.org/W4213011250","https://openalex.org/W4213033634","https://openalex.org/W4246592094","https://openalex.org/W4249041761","https://openalex.org/W4256489384","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301323149","https://openalex.org/W4388087973","https://openalex.org/W4388381508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055603439","https://openalex.org/W1978475459","https://openalex.org/W6991219673","https://openalex.org/W1522930481","https://openalex.org/W2135287104","https://openalex.org/W3093127016","https://openalex.org/W1502068780","https://openalex.org/W3208155406","https://openalex.org/W4205867578","https://openalex.org/W2405111531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"Summary":[1],"Over":[2],"the":[3,14,42,50,72,102,105,152,161,185,199,208,232],"past":[4],"two":[5],"decades,":[6],"researchers":[7],"have":[8],"been":[9,53],"increasingly":[10],"interested":[11],"in":[12,38,69,148],"measuring":[13],"risk":[15],"of":[16,22,27,44,66,74,83,92,104,201,210],"offender":[17],"recidivism":[18,108],"as":[19,195],"a":[20,57,63,196],"means":[21],"advancing":[23],"public":[24],"safety":[25],"and":[26,133,220],"directing":[28],"treatment":[29,202],"interventions.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,79,174],"context,":[33],"one":[34],"instrument":[35,60,190],"widely":[36],"used":[37],"assessing":[39,192],"offenders":[40,111,194],"is":[41,62],"Level":[43],"Service":[45],"Inventory\u2010Revised":[46],"(LSI\u2010R).":[47],"Recently,":[48],"however,":[49,217],"LSI\u2010R":[51,106,162,186],"has":[52,163],"criticized":[54],"for":[55,101,109,131,166,170,191],"being":[56],"male\u2010specific":[58],"assessment":[59],"that":[61,135,160,178,184,227],"weak":[64],"predictor":[65],"criminal":[67],"behavior":[68],"females.":[70],"Through":[71],"use":[73],"meta\u2010analytic":[75],"techniques,":[76],"we":[77,118],"assessed":[78],"assertion.":[80],"A":[81],"total":[82],"27":[84],"effect":[85,129],"sizes":[86,130],"yielded":[87],"an":[88,188],"average":[89],"r":[90],"value":[91],".35":[93],"([confidence":[94],"interval]":[95],"CI":[96],"=":[97,114],".34":[98],"to":[99,198,218],".36)":[100],"relationship":[103],"with":[107,145],"female":[110,171],"(":[112],"N":[113],"14,737).":[115],"When":[116],"available,":[117],"also":[119],"made":[120],"within\u2010sample":[121],"comparisons":[122,127],"based":[123,206],"on":[124,151,207],"gender.":[125],"These":[126,141],"produced":[128],"males":[132],"females":[134],"were":[136],"statistically":[137],"similar.":[138],"Policy":[139],"Implications":[140],"results":[142],"are":[143],"consistent":[144],"those":[146,205],"generated":[147],"previous":[149],"research":[150,223],"LSI\u2010R.":[153,233],"They":[154],"call":[155],"into":[156],"question":[157],"prevailing":[158],"critiques":[159],"predictive":[164],"validity":[165],"male":[167],"but":[168],"not":[169,230],"offenders.":[172],"At":[173],"stage,":[175],"it":[176],"seems":[177],"corrections":[179],"officials":[180],"should":[181,214],"be":[182,215],"advised":[183],"remains":[187],"important":[189],"all":[193],"prelude":[197],"delivery":[200],"services,":[203],"especially":[204],"principles":[209],"effective":[211],"intervention.":[212],"Critics":[213],"encouraged,":[216],"construct":[219],"validate":[221],"through":[222],"additional":[224],"gender\u2010specific":[225],"instruments":[226],"revise,":[228],"if":[229],"rival,":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}