{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113158186","doi":null,"title":"Gender, quota laws, and the struggles of women's social movements in Latin America","display_name":"Gender, quota laws, and the struggles of women's social movements in Latin America","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113158186","mag":"2113158186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:etd-1251","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/252","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/context/etd/article/1251/viewcontent/etd__252.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/context/etd/article/1251/viewcontent/etd__252.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066618886","display_name":"Merav Frazier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Merav Frazier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South FLorida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South FLorida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066618886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14439","display_name":"Feminism, Gender, and Social Issues","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13684","display_name":"Political Dynamics in Latin America","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-quotas","display_name":"gender quotas","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-political-representation","display_name":"women's political representation","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-movement","display_name":"women's movement","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"affirmative action","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-america","display_name":"Latin America","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-representation","display_name":"legislative representation","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candidate-selection","display_name":"candidate selection","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-parties","display_name":"political parties","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality-in-politics","display_name":"gender inequality in politics","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-rights","display_name":"women's rights","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-systems","display_name":"electoral systems","score":0.6420000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6723665595054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.6706910729408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5346096754074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123108692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49773","display_name":"Social movement","level":3,"score":0.5166340470314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018726217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2672163","display_name":"Gender relations","level":2,"score":0.4298030436038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.4191516935825348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38560691475868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3829021453857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.31305068731307983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:etd-1251","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/252","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/context/etd/article/1251/viewcontent/etd__252.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.461.102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.461.102","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.823.2246","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.823.2246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1251%26context%3Detd","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarcommons.usf.edu:etd-1251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2113158186","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1251&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:etd-1251","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/252","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/context/etd/article/1251/viewcontent/etd__252.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113158186.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2113158186.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91548407","https://openalex.org/W121733040","https://openalex.org/W138047100","https://openalex.org/W306509622","https://openalex.org/W313534738","https://openalex.org/W409824753","https://openalex.org/W422945158","https://openalex.org/W561678987","https://openalex.org/W589643027","https://openalex.org/W598324183","https://openalex.org/W601503281","https://openalex.org/W616648295","https://openalex.org/W620169858","https://openalex.org/W636471132","https://openalex.org/W924396406","https://openalex.org/W1489248825","https://openalex.org/W1512823541","https://openalex.org/W1517162153","https://openalex.org/W1526515503","https://openalex.org/W1543761667","https://openalex.org/W1546728281","https://openalex.org/W1550310697","https://openalex.org/W1550497557","https://openalex.org/W1577494505","https://openalex.org/W1668227105","https://openalex.org/W1965751996","https://openalex.org/W1967578856","https://openalex.org/W1979311224","https://openalex.org/W1981735147","https://openalex.org/W1982134363","https://openalex.org/W1991612164","https://openalex.org/W2021661719","https://openalex.org/W2035675634","https://openalex.org/W2040154361","https://openalex.org/W2044322239","https://openalex.org/W2067844392","https://openalex.org/W2079347526","https://openalex.org/W2091826321","https://openalex.org/W2091868960","https://openalex.org/W2098092828","https://openalex.org/W2100219970","https://openalex.org/W2105519623","https://openalex.org/W2109448406","https://openalex.org/W2110787954","https://openalex.org/W2136579139","https://openalex.org/W2149518891","https://openalex.org/W2242580103","https://openalex.org/W2276621194","https://openalex.org/W2300562989","https://openalex.org/W2322312140","https://openalex.org/W2324528366","https://openalex.org/W2496790119","https://openalex.org/W2521101688","https://openalex.org/W2565212996","https://openalex.org/W2585437418","https://openalex.org/W2736110677","https://openalex.org/W2801400037","https://openalex.org/W2894488397","https://openalex.org/W2895906602","https://openalex.org/W3143175199","https://openalex.org/W3173099684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2521101688","https://openalex.org/W4411085445","https://openalex.org/W3182762821","https://openalex.org/W593100128","https://openalex.org/W7097874489","https://openalex.org/W4229910492","https://openalex.org/W2977794911","https://openalex.org/W1603289276","https://openalex.org/W2289677640","https://openalex.org/W1612863870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assuming":[0],"gender":[1,17,65,83],"neutrality":[2],"in":[3,41,109,112,131,138,156,187,197,222,237,242,317],"comparative":[4],"analysis,":[5],"i.e.":[6],"not":[7,149,185,207,241,288,328],"including":[8],"either":[9],"explicit":[10],"or":[11,18,148],"implicit":[12],"references":[13],"to":[14,48,81,127,140,192,211,277,291,301,305,330],"a":[15,129,331],"particular":[16],"sex,":[19],"runs":[20],"the":[21,25,49,55,74,93,134,166,170,213,223,228,248,271,280,294,298],"risk":[22],"of":[23,28,52,62,64,133,230,250,297,307,319],"camouflaging":[24],"unequal":[26],"distribution":[27],"political":[29,34,53,141,159,299,339],"power,":[30],"economic":[31],"influence,":[32],"and":[33,38,59,66,85,100,161,259,269,335],"access":[35],"for":[36,176,312,347],"men":[37],"women.":[39,348],"Unfortunately,":[40],"assuming":[42],"such":[43],"neutrality,":[44],"one":[45],"is":[46,262,273,282],"blinded":[47],"inherent":[50],"flaws":[51],"systems,":[54],"inequalities":[56,135],"they":[57,163,256,341],"create,":[58],"their":[60,97,303],"lack":[61],"consideration":[63],"women's":[67,76,154,171,195,219],"rights.":[68],"To":[69],"counteract":[70],"this":[71],"inequality":[72],"between":[73],"sexes,":[75],"social":[77,172,220],"movements":[78,173,221],"are":[79,103,125,257,327],"fighting":[80],"create":[82,128],"awareness":[84],"establish":[86],"formal":[87],"policies":[88],"that":[89,124,174,181,203,247,261,279,323],"place":[90],"them":[91],"at":[92],"same":[94],"level":[95],"as":[96,120,216],"male":[98],"counterparts,":[99],"feminist":[101],"ideals":[102],"slowly":[104],"becoming":[105],"more":[106],"prominent.":[107],"As":[108],"other":[110],"regions,":[111],"Latin":[113,157,189],"America,":[114],"quota":[115,150,182,204,234,251,325],"laws":[116,151,183,205,235,252,326],"have":[117,152,164,184,206,265,287,315],"been":[118,209,267,289,316],"established":[119],"affirmative":[121],"action-type":[122],"mechanisms":[123],"meant":[126],"balance":[130],"view":[132],"women":[136,286],"face":[137],"ascending":[139],"office.":[142],"My":[143,178,244],"study":[144],"focuses":[145],"on":[146,254,293],"whether":[147],"increased":[153],"presence":[155,196],"American":[158,190],"legislatures":[160],"if":[162,263,270,324],"met":[165],"intended":[167],"objectives":[168],"by":[169,218,338],"advocated":[175],"them.":[177],"results":[179,346],"indicate":[180],"worked":[186],"every":[188],"country":[191],"dramatically":[193],"increase":[194],"politics.":[198],"The":[199],"literature":[200],"also":[201,226],"suggests":[202],"entirely":[208],"able":[210,290],"produce":[212,344],"desired":[214],"outcomes":[215],"proposed":[217],"region.":[224],"I":[225,321],"address":[227],"question":[229],"what":[231],"has":[232],"made":[233],"successful":[236],"some":[238],"countries,":[239],"yet":[240],"others.":[243],"research":[245],"indicates":[246],"effectiveness":[249],"depends":[253],"how":[255],"drafted":[258],"implemented,":[260],"institutions":[264],"effectively":[266],"altered":[268],"government":[272],"taking":[274],"specific":[275],"measures":[276],"ensure":[278],"law":[281],"being":[283],"enforced.":[284],"Since":[285],"rely":[292],"good":[295],"faith":[296],"parties":[300],"determine":[302],"entry":[304],"positions":[306],"public":[308],"authority,":[309],"traditional":[310],"procedures":[311],"candidate":[313],"selection":[314],"need":[318],"alteration.":[320],"conclude":[322],"customized":[329],"country's":[332],"electoral":[333],"system":[334],"applied":[336],"meticulously":[337],"parties,":[340],"will":[342],"hardly":[343],"any":[345]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}