{"id":"https://openalex.org/W211195634","doi":null,"title":"Hungary's New Constitution and Its New Law on Freedom of Religion and Churches: The Return of the Sovereign","display_name":"Hungary's New Constitution and Its New Law on Freedom of Religion and Churches: The Return of the Sovereign","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W211195634","mag":"211195634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.law.byu.edu:lawreview-2671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/lawreview/vol2012/iss3/8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196761","display_name":"BYU Law Library (Brigham Young University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","host_organization_name":"Brigham Young University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BYU Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023706301","display_name":"Ren\u00e1ta Uitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-8488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-8488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e1ta Uitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brigham Young Univ"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-8488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brigham Young Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023706301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08590569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2012","issue":"3","first_page":"931","last_page":"966"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13336","display_name":"Religious Freedom and Discrimination","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13336","display_name":"Religious Freedom and Discrimination","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13178","display_name":"Theology and Canon Law Studies","score":0.022199999541044235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundamental-law-of-hungary","display_name":"Fundamental Law of Hungary","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-freedom","display_name":"religious freedom","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/church-state-relations","display_name":"church-state relations","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/church-status","display_name":"church status","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-congregations","display_name":"religious congregations","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-communities","display_name":"religious communities","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/church-registration","display_name":"church registration","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-discrimination","display_name":"religious discrimination","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-conscience","display_name":"freedom of conscience","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation-of-church-and-state","display_name":"separation of church and state","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitional-provisions","display_name":"transitional provisions","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/church-autonomy","display_name":"church autonomy","score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-minorities","display_name":"religious minorities","score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-norms","display_name":"human rights standards","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-freedom-in-the-united-states","display_name":"religious freedom in the United States","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.823034942150116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.8147966861724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775854416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171899","display_name":"Freedom of religion","level":3,"score":0.5664790272712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.5627864599227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10180917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193526","display_name":"Conscience","level":2,"score":0.5119692087173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5055475234985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4752640128135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47462594509124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.45511677861213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.2791239023208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.13689380884170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.law.byu.edu:lawreview-2671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/lawreview/vol2012/iss3/8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196761","display_name":"BYU Law Library (Brigham Young University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","host_organization_name":"Brigham Young University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BYU Law Review","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:211195634","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2671&context=lawreview","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147910839","display_name":"Brigham Young University law review","issn_l":"0360-151X","issn":["0360-151X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316072","host_organization_name":"Brigham Young University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316072"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brigham Young University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brigham Young University law review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6207000017166138,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2276092465","https://openalex.org/W3124994844","https://openalex.org/W1998473422","https://openalex.org/W7017877664","https://openalex.org/W344293553","https://openalex.org/W1993187453","https://openalex.org/W7160205601","https://openalex.org/W2037491881","https://openalex.org/W7000973347","https://openalex.org/W2173249239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0,559,583],"January":[1,410],"1,":[2,411],"2012,":[3,526,562],"Hungarians":[4],"witnessed":[5],"the":[6,13,37,60,82,100,119,137,158,162,189,194,219,230,254,280,286,311,355,365,385,398,423,433,458,481,484,490,513,529,542,550,556,568,578,584,594,608],"passage":[7],"of":[8,16,33,40,66,74,104,123,139,150,164,191,206,232,238,243,272,282,300,313,417,435,441,460,468,475,483,531,580,597],"their":[9,521],"new":[10,28,48,109,159,183,212,269,366,393,514],"Constitution,":[11],"called":[12],"Fundamental":[14],"Law":[15],"Hungary.1":[17],"It":[18,338],"added":[19],"important":[20],"transitional":[21],"provisions":[22,101,203],"on":[23,31,102,136,204,222,342,350,374,401,409,571],"church":[24,151,234,388,456,522,551,595],"status2":[25],"and":[26,35,44,68,90,116,126,143,152,208,250,264,346,383,405,427,465,507,548],"a":[27,169,173,233,236,241,246,251,259,331,455,501,589],"cardinal":[29,196,213,415,491,557,569],"law3":[30],"freedom":[32,65,103,122,205],"conscience":[34,125],"religion,":[36],"legal":[38,61],"status":[39,389,530,596],"churches,":[41,572],"religious":[42,45,260,503],"congregations,":[43],"communities.4":[46],"The":[47,71,108,182,305,368,392,413],"Constitution":[49,110,160,184],"introduced":[50,309,431],"changes":[51],"in":[52,57,59,111,188,285,310,326,336,397,432,439,470,489,555,588],"tone":[53],"as":[54,56,128,321],"well":[55],"substance":[58],"regime":[62],"applicable":[63],"to":[64,96,121,168,200,217,257,291,364,380,509,519,567,577,592],"religion":[67,105,127,140,207],"church-state":[69,165,209,375],"relations.":[70],"lasting":[72],"impact":[73],"this":[75],"cannot":[76],"be":[77],"fully":[78],"appreciated":[79],"yet;":[80],"nonetheless,":[81],"first":[83,186,195,340],"measures":[84],"indicate":[85],"clear":[86],"departures":[87],"from":[88,235],"European":[89],"international":[91],"human":[92],"rights":[93],"standards.":[94],"Compared":[95],"these":[97],"elated":[98],"phrases,":[99],"sound":[106],"sobering.":[107],"its":[112,202],"chapter":[113],"entitled":[114],"Freedom":[115],"Responsibility":[117],"guarantees":[118],"right":[120,131],"thought,":[124],"an":[129,445,565],"individual":[130],"(Article":[132,141,154,180,262,390,463,478,505],"VII(l)),5":[133],"prohibits":[134],"discrimination":[135],"basis":[138],"XV(2)),":[142],"also":[144,359],"provides":[145],"for":[146,387,545,607],"die":[147,268,273],"continued":[148],"separation":[149],"state":[153],"VTI(2)).":[155],"In":[156,524,537],"addition,":[157],"makes":[161],"regulation":[163],"relations":[166],"subject":[167],"statute":[170],"passed":[171,199,349],"with":[172,245],"qualified":[174],"majority":[175],"(a":[176],"so-called":[177,361,502],"'cardinal":[178],"law')":[179],"VII(3)).":[181],"was":[185,198,215,308,334,339,348],"tested":[187],"summer":[190,312,434],"2011,":[192,345,404],"when":[193],"law":[197,214,221,416,515,570],"entrench":[201],"relations.6":[210],"This":[211],"meant":[216],"replace":[218],"1990":[220],"churches7":[223],"under":[224,294,512],"which":[225,298,429],"100":[226,473],"persons":[227],"could":[228],"request":[229,459],"registration":[231,425],"court":[237],"law,":[239,270],"showing":[240],"charter":[242],"operations":[244,476],"self-governing":[247],"organizational":[248],"structure,":[249],"declaration":[252],"that":[253],"founders":[255],"intended":[256],"pursue":[258],"activity":[261],"8(1)":[263],"Article":[265],"9).":[266],"Under":[267],"all":[271,494],"nearly":[274],"300":[275],"previously":[276,495,534,600],"registered":[277,496,601],"churches":[278,382,443,487,497,602],"(with":[279],"exception":[281,482],"fourteen":[283,485],"listed":[284,488],"Appendix)":[287],"would":[288,302],"have":[289,508],"had":[290],"seek":[292,510],"re-registration":[293,511],"more":[295],"demanding":[296],"conditions,":[297],"most":[299],"them":[301],"not":[303,549],"meet.":[304],"original":[306],"bill":[307,333],"2011;":[314],"however,":[315],"it":[316,325,347],"never":[317],"went":[318],"into":[319,407,500],"effect,":[320],"parliament":[322,358,379,527,540,563,587],"abruptly":[323],"withdrew":[324],"December":[327,343,351,402,418],"2011.":[328,353,436],"Soon":[329],"afterwards,":[330],"replacement":[332],"tabled":[335],"parliament.":[337],"read":[341],"23,":[344],"30,":[352],"At":[354],"same":[356,424,585],"time,":[357],"adopted":[360,564],"Transitional":[362,369],"Provisions":[363,370],"Constitution.":[367],"contain":[371],"additional":[372],"rules":[373,394],"relations,":[376],"expressly":[377],"authorizing":[378],"recognize":[381,454,593],"determine":[384],"conditions":[386],"21(1)).":[391],"were":[395,430],"published":[396],"Official":[399],"Journal":[400],"31,":[403],"entered":[406],"force":[408],"2012.":[412],"latest":[414],"2011":[419],"essentially":[420],"reinstates":[421],"largely":[422],"procedure":[426,544,553],"criteria":[428],"Parliament":[437,452],"remains":[438],"charge":[440],"registering":[442],"through":[444],"altered":[446],"popular":[447],"initiative":[448],"(nepi":[449],"kezdemenyezes)":[450],"procedure.":[451],"may":[453],"upon":[457],"1,000":[461],"petitioners":[462],"14(3))":[464],"twenty":[466],"years":[467,474],"presence":[469],"Hungary":[471],"or":[472],"internationally":[477],"14(2)(c)).":[479],"With":[480],"recognized":[581],"law's":[492],"appendix,":[493],"are":[498],"transformed":[499],"association":[504],"43(1)),":[506],"if":[516],"they":[517],"intend":[518],"preserve":[520],"status.":[523],"February":[525,560],"assessed":[528],"over":[532],"eighty":[533],"churches.":[536],"doing":[538],"so,":[539],"followed":[541],"ordinary":[543],"statutory":[546],"amendments,":[547],"recognition":[552],"prescribed":[554],"law.":[558],"27,":[561],"amendment":[566],"adding":[573],"another":[574],"eighteen":[575],"communities":[576],"list":[579],"churches.8":[582],"day,":[586],"resolution":[590],"refused":[591],"some":[598],"sixty-six":[599],"without":[603],"providing":[604],"any":[605],"reasons":[606],"refusal.":[609],"\u2026":[610]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
