{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111539331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013485567","title":"A review of current automotive battery technology and future prospects","display_name":"A review of current automotive battery technology and future prospects","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111539331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013485567","mag":"2111539331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0954407013485567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013485567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013485567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16239639","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering","issn_l":"0954-4070","issn":["0954-4070","2041-2991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026044824","display_name":"Heide Budde-Meiwes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133912","display_name":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/02r0e4r58","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758","https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heide Budde-Meiwes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057491846","display_name":"Julia Drillkens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133912","display_name":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/02r0e4r58","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758","https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Drillkens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080296379","display_name":"Benedikt Lunz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133912","display_name":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/02r0e4r58","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758","https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedikt Lunz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086888069","display_name":"Jens M\u00fcnnix","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133912","display_name":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/02r0e4r58","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758","https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Muennix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038494187","display_name":"Susanne Lehner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-9686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-9686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133912","display_name":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/02r0e4r58","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758","https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanne Rothgang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043129551","display_name":"Julia Kowal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-6365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-6365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133912","display_name":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/02r0e4r58","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758","https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Kowal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084311035","display_name":"Dirk Uwe Sauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-3591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-3591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133912","display_name":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/02r0e4r58","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I171892758","https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Uwe Sauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON Energy Resarch Center, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems Group, Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (Institut f\u00fcr Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe - ISEA), RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Power Generation and Storage Systems (PGS), E.ON Energy Resarch Center, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"J\u00fclich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":275,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98654123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"227","issue":"5","first_page":"761","last_page":"776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.04650000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-batteries","display_name":"automotive batteries","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-acid-batteries","display_name":"lead-acid batteries","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-ion-batteries","display_name":"lithium-ion batteries","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercapacitors","display_name":"supercapacitors","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-double-layer-capacitors","display_name":"electric double-layer capacitors","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regenerative-braking","display_name":"regenerative braking","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-electric-vehicles","display_name":"hybrid electric vehicles","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in-hybrid-electric-vehicles","display_name":"plug-in hybrid electric vehicles","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicles","display_name":"electric vehicles","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-system-design","display_name":"battery system design","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charging-strategies","display_name":"charging strategies","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-density","display_name":"energy density","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycle-life","display_name":"cycle life","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calendar-life","display_name":"calendar life","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-performance","display_name":"temperature performance","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-safety","display_name":"battery safety","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-cost","display_name":"battery cost","score":0.7839999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.768855094909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6146079301834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5993280410766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50292345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337724","display_name":"Lead\u2013acid battery","level":4,"score":0.5602914094924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6585489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754523","display_name":"Supercapacitor","level":4,"score":0.5144774913787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45811908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902054","display_name":"Automotive battery","level":4,"score":0.4565418064594269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.43593811988830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4203435182571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.39328533411026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3893168270587921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28433358669281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.07757410407066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0954407013485567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013485567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013485567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16239639","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering","issn_l":"0954-4070","issn":["0954-4070","2041-2991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:211167","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-073843%22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401362","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers / D 227(D5), 761-776 (2013). doi:10.1177/0954407013485567","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45709492","https://openalex.org/W79678768","https://openalex.org/W163426566","https://openalex.org/W613060151","https://openalex.org/W1608137301","https://openalex.org/W2004014070","https://openalex.org/W2012044503","https://openalex.org/W2014614071","https://openalex.org/W2021722296","https://openalex.org/W2029702476","https://openalex.org/W2044094271","https://openalex.org/W2058857613","https://openalex.org/W2071559560","https://openalex.org/W2095128027","https://openalex.org/W2097760098","https://openalex.org/W2744189719","https://openalex.org/W3022040063","https://openalex.org/W4245158813","https://openalex.org/W4248975149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310685538","https://openalex.org/W2375408376","https://openalex.org/W2071559560","https://openalex.org/W2493431252","https://openalex.org/W2592762682","https://openalex.org/W3202245265","https://openalex.org/W7014897129","https://openalex.org/W2591993269","https://openalex.org/W2736300676","https://openalex.org/W4249998140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"today\u2019s":[3],"battery":[4,53,98,107],"technologies":[5,48,116],"and":[6,90,110,127,132,148,151],"future":[7],"options":[8],"are":[9,42,54,100,113,139],"discussed.":[10],"Batteries":[11],"have":[12,28],"been":[13,29],"one":[14],"of":[15,19,77,84],"the":[16,23,39,51,56,82,133,140,143,146,152],"main":[17],"focuses":[18],"automotive":[20],"development":[21],"in":[22,30],"last":[24],"years.":[25],"Technologies":[26],"that":[27],"use":[31],"for":[32,68,94],"a":[33],"very":[34],"long":[35],"time,":[36],"such":[37,49,71],"as":[38,50,61,72],"lead\u2013acid":[40],"battery,":[41],"indispensable":[43],"but":[44],"need":[45],"improvement.":[46],"New":[47],"lithium-ion":[52],"entering":[55],"market.":[57],"Supercapacitors":[58],"(also":[59],"known":[60],"electrochemical":[62],"double-layer":[63],"capacitors)":[64],"can":[65,117],"be":[66,118],"used":[67,102],"high-power":[69],"requirements":[70],"regenerative":[73],"braking.":[74],"The":[75],"variety":[76],"vehicles":[78,89,92],"has":[79],"increased":[80],"with":[81],"introduction":[83],"hybrid":[85,88],"vehicles,":[86],"plug-in":[87],"electric":[91],"and,":[93],"each":[95],"type,":[96],"suitable":[97],"types":[99],"being":[101],"or":[103],"under":[104],"development.":[105],"Appropriate":[106],"system":[108,130],"designs":[109],"charging":[111],"strategies":[112],"needed.":[114],"Battery":[115],"classified":[119],"according":[120],"to":[121],"their":[122,125],"energy":[123],"density,":[124],"charge":[126],"discharge":[128],"characteristics,":[129],"integration":[131],"costs.":[134],"Further":[135],"relevant":[136],"performance":[137],"parameters":[138],"calendar":[141],"lifetime,":[142,145],"cycle":[144],"low-":[147],"high-temperature":[149],"performances":[150],"safety.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}