{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111007237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310302","title":"A hierarchical decision procedure for process synthesis","display_name":"A hierarchical decision procedure for process synthesis","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111007237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310302","mag":"2111007237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aic.690310302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147177414","display_name":"AIChE Journal","issn_l":"0001-1541","issn":["0001-1541","1547-5905"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIChE Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035196919","display_name":"James M. Douglas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003","Chemical Engineering Dept; University of Massachusetts; Amherst MA 01003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Dept; University of Massachusetts; Amherst MA 01003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035196919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":{"value":4940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4940},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.7489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":369,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98691201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"3","first_page":"353","last_page":"362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13180","display_name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-synthesis","display_name":"process synthesis","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-design","display_name":"evolutionary design","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"heuristics","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-trade-offs","display_name":"economic trade-offs","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-alternatives","display_name":"design alternatives","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-design","display_name":"process design","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.9106074571609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.6477383375167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5426905155181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5280956625938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4961296021938324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4306376278400421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42005980014801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.355829119682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3463588356971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27786338329315186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26223620772361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09512192010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.05675339698791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/aic.690310302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147177414","display_name":"AIChE Journal","issn_l":"0001-1541","issn":["0001-1541","1547-5905"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIChE Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W606281844","https://openalex.org/W1983925583","https://openalex.org/W1985242868","https://openalex.org/W1991945614","https://openalex.org/W1992772317","https://openalex.org/W2031359631","https://openalex.org/W2035087782","https://openalex.org/W2035914946","https://openalex.org/W2057147088","https://openalex.org/W2085521461","https://openalex.org/W2091248362","https://openalex.org/W2107415139","https://openalex.org/W2170392755","https://openalex.org/W2329174341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W4252555497","https://openalex.org/W3121175838","https://openalex.org/W3016293053","https://openalex.org/W2401723157","https://openalex.org/W2952904874","https://openalex.org/W4389302559","https://openalex.org/W1690653314","https://openalex.org/W2053033682"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"new":[2],"procedure":[3,16,92],"for":[4],"synthesizing":[5],"process":[6,83],"flow":[7,37,55],"sheets":[8],"and":[9,21,57],"base\u2010case":[10],"designs":[11],"has":[12,93],"been":[13],"developed.":[14],"The":[15,87],"is":[17,33],"evolutionary":[18],"in":[19],"nature":[20],"proceeds":[22],"through":[23],"a":[24],"hierarchy":[25],"of":[26,49,53,65,90],"decision":[27,41,72],"levels,":[28],"where":[29],"more":[30],"fine":[31],"structure":[32],"added":[34],"to":[35,46,62],"the":[36,50,54,66,70,91,97,104],"sheet":[38],"at":[39,69],"each":[40],"level.":[42],"Heuristics":[43],"are":[44,60,79,85,101],"used":[45,61],"obtain":[47],"some":[48,64],"structural":[51],"elements":[52],"sheet,":[56],"other":[58],"heuristics":[59,78],"make":[63],"decisions":[67],"required":[68],"various":[71],"levels.":[73],"In":[74],"many":[75],"cases,":[76],"no":[77],"available,":[80],"so":[81],"that":[82,100],"alternatives":[84],"generated.":[86],"analysis":[88],"protion":[89],"strong":[94],"focus":[95],"on":[96],"economic":[98],"tradeoffs":[99],"associated":[102],"with":[103],"significant":[105],"design":[106],"variables.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}